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Hitler and the Rise of Nazi Germany

After Mussolini's fascist takeover of Italy, another army veteran and leader of an extremist party tries to forcibly take power. Adolf Hitler stages a small-scale coup in Munich, which fails, and is imprisoned. Hitler and the Rise of Nazi Germany. The Weimar Republic's Rise and Fall.

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Hitler and the Rise of Nazi Germany

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  1. After Mussolini's fascist takeover of Italy, another army veteran and leader of an extremist party tries to forcibly take power. Adolf Hitler stages a small-scale coup in Munich, which fails, and is imprisoned. Hitler and the Rise of Nazi Germany

  2. The Weimar Republic's Rise and Fall • As the Great War was ending Germany's government fell to choas • Threat of socialist revolution • Kaiser abdicates • Moderate leaders sign armistice and Treaty of Versailles • 1919 • Weimar Republic • Parliamentary system ran by chancellor • Bill of Rights

  3. Political Struggles • Weak republic • Several small parties • Hatred of Treaty of Versailles • Communists • Demanded radical change • Conservatives • Attacked gov't as too liberal and weak • Scapegoats become mostly German Jews

  4. Runaway Inflation • 1923 • Reparations payments stop • Ruhr Valley becames occupied by the French • Passive Resistance • Inflation • 100 marks in July 1922 = 944,000 marks in August 1923 • Savings wiped out

  5. Recovery and Collapse • 1924 • Dawes Plan • France leaves the Ruhr Valley • American loans • Great Depression • Adolf Hitler

  6. The Nazi Party's Rise to Power • Adolf Hitler was born in Austria 1889 • Traveled to Vienna at 18 • Developed anit-Semitism • Fought in German Army • 1919 – joined a group of right-wing extremists • By 1920 was the leader of the National Socialist German Workers of Nazi Party

  7. Hitler's Manifesto • Mein Kampf( “My Struggle”) • Aryan Race • Extreme Nationalism • Blamed Germany's defeat on Marxists, Jews, corrupt politicians, and buisness leaders • Anti-Semitism • Germany to expand, Lebensraum( living space)

  8. Hitler Comes to Power • Only in jail for a year • Great Depression • “Table-thumping” Speeches • Appealed to Veterans, workers, the lower middle class, small-town Germans, business people • Promised to end reparations, create jobs, re-arm Germany

  9. Hitler Comes to Power • Nazi's and Communist won seats in the Reichstag • Conservatives turn to Hitler • 1933 – Hitler becomes Chancellor through legal means • Wins with Conservative support

  10. Hitler Comes to Power • Germany becomes a dictatorship within a year • Suspends civil rights • Destroyes socialist and communists • One party state • Purges own party • Demands unquestioning obedience

  11. Learning Check • What is the name of the new republic formed after World War I? • How did the United States try to help Germany pay back the war reparations? • Who becomes chancellor in 1933?

  12. The Third Reich Controls Germany • Appealed to past glories • 1st Reich – medieval Holy Roman Empire • 2nd Reich – Bismarck in 1872 • 3rd Reich – German Master Race would rule Europe for a thousand years • Launches large public work programs • Rearm Germany • Unite Germany and Austris

  13. Germany becomes a Totalitarian State • Controlled all aspects of life • The SS, an elite black-uniformed troop, enforced his rule • Gestapo ruted out oppositon • Cheered • Nazi “storm troopers”

  14. The Campaign Against the Jews Begin • 1935 – Nuremberg Laws • Took away German Citizenship • Severe Restrictions • Prohibited marriage between Jews and non-Jews • Attending or Teaching at German schools • Holding Gov't jobs • Practicing law or medicine • Publishing books

  15. Night of Broken Glass • November 7, 1938 • A young Jew, whose parents were mistreated in Germany, shot a Germany diplomat in Paris • November 9 &10 • Kristallnacht • Mobs • Germany, Austria, Czechoslovakia • “Final Solution”

  16. Nazi Youth • Destroy without mercy • Pledged absolute loyalty to Germany • Physical fitness programs to prepare for war • School courses and textbooks were re-written to reflect racial views

  17. Women under Nazi Rule • Like Italy • Dismissed from upper-level jobs • Turned away from universities • Rewards for having children is a “pure-blooded Aryan” woman • Applied mostly to the elite, women were needed to work in factories

  18. Purging German Culture • Denounced modern art • Condemed Jazz • Glorified old German myths • Richard Wagner • Hitler saw Christianity as weak and flabby • Combinded all Protestants sects into one • Closed Catholic Schools, muzzled clergy • Some spoke out against Hitler

  19. Authoritarian Rule in Eastern Europe • In 1919 a dozen countries were cared out of Russia, Austro-Hungarian, Ottoman, and German empires • Small countries • Rural agriculture • Social and economic inequalities • Hit hard by Great Depression

  20. Ethnic Conflict • Old rivalries between ethnic and religious groups • Czechoslovakia • Czechs and Slavs • Yugoslavia • Serbs ruled, Slovenes and Croats wanted independence

  21. Democracy Retreats • Economic problems + ethnic tensions = instability • Hungary • 1919 – Nicholas Horthy overthrew Communist Gov't • Poland • 1926 – Joseph Pilsudski • Expect Czechoslovakia and Finland • Promised order • Turned to anti-semitism

  22. Learning Check • 1. What was the name for the code of laws that placed servere restrictions on the Jewish population in Germany? • What was Kristallnacht? • What was the name for the pure German race (blond hair, blue eyes)?

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