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Hitler and the Rise of Nazi Germany

Hitler and the Rise of Nazi Germany . Objective 1: Identify the reasons for Hitler’s rise to power in Germany. Objective 2: Explain how Hitler made Germany a totalitarian state. Adolf Hitler (1889-1945). Born in Austria-Hungary, moved to Munich in 1913 (art school)

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Hitler and the Rise of Nazi Germany

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  1. Hitler and the Rise of Nazi Germany Objective 1: Identify the reasons for Hitler’s rise to power in Germany. Objective 2: Explain how Hitler made Germany a totalitarian state.

  2. Adolf Hitler (1889-1945) • Born in Austria-Hungary, moved to Munich in 1913 (art school) • Served in German Army during WWI, wounded late in the war and never understood why Germany surrendered • After the war joined the German workers party and by 1921 was its leading spokesman

  3. Hitler’s Rise to Power • Weimar Government was attacked from both the Left (too much authority) and the Right (too weak) • From 1919-1924 Nazi’s had tried to create a social and political revolution out of economic hardship (based on resentment) • Used the SA under Ernst Roehm (Brown Shirts) to intimidate • 1922 party membership way up (10x) so he decided it was time to try and seize power

  4. The Beer Hall Putsch November 1923 • Inspired by Mussolini’s success Hitler and Eric Ludendorf attempted to overthrow the Bavarian government (Munich) • Hitler was tried for treason and sentenced to 5 years in jail (served less than 1) • The trial was great PR for his message • While in jail wrote Mein Kampf • Blamed WW1 loss on Jews, Marxists, corrupt politicians , and business leaders • Idea of Lebensraum “living space”

  5. Good Times, Bad Times… • The economic recovery of the Dawes Plan led to a down time for the Nazi Party, but… • World wide depression • 6 million unemployed in Germany by 1932 (43% of workforce) • “Hitler Time”: Nazi promises of national recovery, exciting change and personal advancement were now very enticing

  6. Rise of NaziParty to National Power (Reichstag elections-parliamentary)  • 1926   0%  no seats in parliament • 1928   2.6%  12 out of 489 seats • 1930   19.6% 107 out of 547 seats • 1932   33.5% 196 out of 585 seats What event made this possible?

  7. Nazi Party Growth • By 1932 the Nazi party is the strongest in the Reichstag but do not yet have a majority • Hitler was appointed chancellor by Hindenburg in January of 1933 by industrialists who thought they could control him and were fearful of communism

  8. Hitler Seizes Total Control • Feb 1933: Reichstag building was mysteriously burned down • Hitler issues an emergency decree suspending civil liberties • March 1933: New election returns only 43.9% Nazi’s to the Reichstag • Hitler arrested Communists which gave him the majority, he wanted to control the Reichstag • He then issued the Enabling Act which allowed him to rule by decree • By late June he has outlawed all other parties and controls all aspects of German society • Propaganda minister Joseph Goebels

  9. The Night of the Long Knives • June 30-July 2 1934: Hitler purges the SA and their leader Ernst Rohm • They had become too powerful (1 mil active and 2 mil reserves) and posed a threat to the regular army • 1,000 people murdered without trials (Carried out by Heinrich Himmler and the SS (Schutzstaffel) • August 2,1934 Hindenburg dies and Hitler combines the positions of Chancellor and President

  10. German Army – supports Hitler following the Night of the Long Knives The SA “Brown Shirts” The SA Leadership (Including Rohm)

  11. The Third Reich • Third Reich utilized ideas of German nationalism • Totalitarian state, with Gestapo as secret police • Hitler Youth – indoctrination of children • Creation of a state church • Nazi Rally

  12. The Police State and Anti-Semitism • Anti-Semitic laws • 1933: Jews excluded from civil service and Jewish shops are boycotted • 1935: The Nuremberg Laws took away citizenship (legal exclusion, i.e. can’t marry non-Jews, attend German schools, hold government jobs or practice law) • 1938: Kristallnacht The beginning of state sanctioned violence against the Jews. Synagogues and shops burned

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