Unit8 Section A

Unit8 Section A Legal and Moral Implications of Cloning

Background Information

What is cloning ? There are different types of cloning, and cloning technologies can be used for other purposes besides producing the genetic twin of another organism. The three types of cloning technologies are: (1) recombinant DNA technology or DNA cloning（基因重组克隆技术）, (2) reproductive cloning（再生克隆技术）, and (3) therapeutic cloning（干细胞疗法克隆技术）.

Sheep Dolly Dolly, the first mammal to be cloned from adult DNA, was put down by lethal injection on Feb. 14, 2003. Prior to her death, Dolly had been suffering from lung cancer and crippling arthritis(致残性关节炎）

What animals have been cloned? Scientists have been cloning animals for many years. In 1952, the first animal, a tadpole, was cloned. Before the creation of Dolly, the first mammal cloned from the cell of an adult animal, clones were created from embryonic cells. Since Dolly, researchers have cloned a number of large and small animals including sheep, goats, cows, mice, pigs, cats, rabbits, and a gaur. All these clones were created using nuclear transfer technology（细胞核移植技术）.

What animals have been cloned? (2) Cloned monkeys Dolly First cloned mule

Back I. Pre-reading Activities: Listen, Look & Say DNA: (deoxyribonucleic acid 脱氧核糖核酸)the chemical at the center of the cells of living things which controls the structure and purpose of each cell and carries genetic information during reproduction. 上一页

Back I. Pre-reading Activities: Listen, Look & Say Bill Clinton: the 42nd President of the United States (1993-2001). 下一页上一页

Judith Martin • Judith Martin born September 13, 1938, better known by the pen name Miss Manners, is an American journalist, author, and etiquette( 礼节） authority.

Words and Expressions

implicationn. • He smiled, but the implication was that he didn't believe me. 他微微一笑,但这一笑暗示着他不相信我的话。 2.The implication of the general manager in the criminal case further complicated the whole situation. 总经理卷入这件刑事诉讼案使整个形势进一步复杂化了。

fiction • Taking Dream of the Red Chamber as a history book is an important visual angle • (视角)in reading fiction. 把《红楼梦》当历史读，这是读小说的一个重要视角。 Chinese four great classics 《西游记》Pilgrimage to the West; Journey to the West《三国演义》The Romance of the Three Kingdoms《红楼梦》Dream of the Red Chamber《水浒传》 Heroes of the Marshes; The Story by the Water Margin ; All Men Are Brothers

prohibit vt. Prohibition(n.) Smoking is strictly prohibited in the process of handling explosive materials. 在处理易爆物时, 严格禁止吸烟。 The loudness of the music prohibits serious conversation in most nightclubs. 大多数夜总会里音乐声很响，没法进行严肃的谈话

Collocation: • prohibit sb. from doing 禁止某人干某事 • He threw himself in front of the door and prohibited us from leaving. • 他挡在门前不让我们离开。 • the prohibition against smoking • 禁烟令

mount vi./vt. (1) Four days after the accident, the death toll continued to mount. 事故发生的四天之后，死亡人数在继续上升。 I really feel sorry for the old lady when I find she can mount the stairs only with difficulty. 当我发现这位老妇人上楼梯十分艰难时感到十分难过。

resemble vt. intact Despite his misfortunes, his faith and optimism remained intact. She resembles her mother in the way she moves her hands when she talks. 虽然他遭到一连串的不幸，但他的信心和乐观丝毫未减她说话时打手势的动作像她妈妈。

minor a./n. The important thing is to finish it quickly; cost is only a relatively minor consideration. 重要的是尽快完成，相对而言，费用是次要考虑的事。 n. a person who is below the age at which he or she becomes an adult legally 未成年人在英国，你不满十八岁就是未成年人。 In Britain you are a minor until you are eighteen.

fatal (adj). Global warming is fatal to the world and therefore scientists in one wave after another try to awaken us to the growing threat of global warming. 全球变暖对于世界的影响是灾难性的，因此科学家们不断呼吁我们要警惕日益严重的全球变暖的危险。

deliberate a./vi./vt. He is the very witness who testifies under oath(发誓证明)that the fire which had broken out in the company was deliberate. 他就是那个证人，他发誓证明公司发生的火灾是有人蓄意放的。 The senate has been deliberating the question for three days. 三天来参议院一直在仔细斟酌这个问题。

collocations deliberate on认真考虑，研讨他们开会仔细研讨解决问题的办法。 They met to deliberate on possible solutions to the problem.

classify vt. 图书馆里的书籍是按题材分类的。 The books in the library are classified by/according to subject. Would you classify her novels as serious literature or as mere entertainment? 你认为她的小说属于“严肃文学”类，还是“纯娱乐”类？

III. Expressions & Patterns Back 在伸手能及的范围以内，近的；方便到达 within (one’s) reach Put the dictionary within my reach. 请把辞典放在我够得着的地方。

III. Expressions & Patterns Back 4.在伸手能及的范围以内，近的；方便到达 within (one’s) reach (L. 5) 他宁愿选择一个能够达到的目标，也不愿选择一个雄心勃勃但无法达到的目标。 he would choose a goal within his reach rather than choose an ambitious goal beyond his reach.

III. Expressions & Patterns Back to come to life活跃起来，表现生动这几位青年人把那个乏味的戏着实演得生动活泼。 The dull play really came to life through the performance of these young people. 下一页上一页

上小学的时候，他还是个安静的孩子，只是上了大学之后他才活跃起来。上小学的时候，他还是个安静的孩子，只是上了大学之后他才活跃起来。 • Now you try At school he was a very quiet boy; it was only after he went to college that he came to life.

in the wake of (L. 6)随着，紧跟着 人类社会不得不遭受一个接一个的随着生态破坏而来的灾难。 Human societies have to suffer one disaster after another that follows in the wake of the ecological damage. 下一页上一页

Now you try • The president submitted resignation in the wake of a scandal. 总统在丑闻曝光后提出辞职。

Back in the first place 首先；起初；其一一见倾心是不明智的。其一，你们彼此不甚了解；其二，这样的爱情很难长久。 It is unwise to love at first sight. In the first place you know little about each other and in the second it is hard for such love to last long. 下一页上一页

fall into 可分成；属于 物以类聚，人以群分。 Things of a kind come together; people of a mind fall into a group.

to break apart (L. 27)分裂瓦解 堡垒最容易从内部瓦解。 The fortress is most liable to break apart from within. 下一页上一页

Back in theory (L. 27)在理论上你追求幸福的计划理论上不错，但我不知道实际上是否行得通。 Your plan for seeking happiness sounds fine in theory, but I don’t know if it’ll work in practice. 下一页上一页

to be identical to / with与······一模一样；就等于他沉溺于网恋就等于荒废了学业。 His indulgence in online love affairs is identical to neglecting his studies. 下一页上一页

and so forth /on • He is keen on all kinds of alcohol—wine, beer, whisky, and so forth. 他喜欢所有的酒---葡萄酒、啤酒、威士忌等等。

What if…? (L. 43) 要是······怎么办 / 怎么样？不要过早地介入爱情游戏。要是你失恋了怎么办？ Don’t get involved in love games too early. What if you suffer from failure in love? 下一页上一页

Back  with sth. in mind (L. 46) 出于······目的; 考虑到某事失败是成功之母。考虑到这一点，他开始重新审视这次试验的失败。 Failure is the mother of success. With this in mind, he began to take a new look at the failure in this experiment. 下一页上一页

to get around / round 克服; 回避她试图通过改变话题来回避这个棘手的问题。 She is trying to get round this tricky problem by changing the subject. 下一页上一页

Now you try • The administration got around this problem by introducing a new law. 为了解决这个问题，政府出了一项新的法令。

refer to • The scientists referred to the discovery as the most exciting new development in this field. 科学家把这一发现称为这一领域里最令人激动的进展。在他的讲话中，他提到他最近的伦敦之旅。 • In his speech, he referred to his recent trip to London.

under the name of 用别名 • Samuel Langhorne Clemens wrote under the name of Mark Twain Samuel Langhorne Clemens 以笔名马克.吐温从事写作

to puzzle over 努力思考他就这个问题苦苦思考了好几个钟头，但还是摸不着头脑。 He puzzled over the problem for hours, without making head or tail of it. 下一页

Analysis of the Text

Back II. Text Analysis: Main Idea and Devices for Developing It Part I (Para. 1) Part II Part III Induction (归纳法) (Para. 1) Specific statements: S.1-5 of Para. 1 Conclusion: S. 6 of Para. 1 For details Part IV Main idea ? With the success of cloning an adult mammal, the world was suddenly brought into the reality of human cloning. Devices for developing it ?

Back II. Text Analysis: Main Idea and Devices for Developing It Part I Part II (Paras. 2-3) Part III Exemplification (举例法) Para. 2 For details For details Part IV Comparison (比较法) Para. 3 Main idea ? This part is about the world’s strong and immediate responses in the wake of the announcement. Devices for developing it ?

Back II. Text Analysis: Main Idea and Devices for Developing It Part I Part II Part III (Paras. 4-18) Classification (分类法): Comparison (比较法): Part IV For details For details For details Argumentation (议论法): Main idea？ This part offers complete or partial answers, from the up-to-date knowledge, to the six questions on the legal and moral implications of cloning. Devices for developing it ?

II. Text Analysis: Main Idea and Devices for Developing It Part I Part II Part III Part IV (Para. 19) Main idea？ This part is intended to reaffirm the author’s opinion that, although the list of questions could go on, people are just beginning to wonder about the future of the world after cloning. Devices for developing it ? Reiteration（重申法）

Language Points

III. Expressions & Patterns Back A. Compatible Expressions 1.关于······的消息 word that…/of… (L. 1) 关于他性丑闻的消息在街上传得很快。 Word of his sexual scandal has been spread fast on the streets. 下一页上一页

III. Expressions & Patterns Back 2.成功地做了某事 to succeed in doing sth. (L. 2) 如果他们成功地达成了停火协议，联合国将派驻维和部队。 If they succeed in establishing a cease-fire, the UN will send in peace-keeping forces. 下一页上一页

III. Expressions & Patterns Back 3.适用于；为······工作 to work for (L. 4) 中国经济发展的成功经验适用于大多数发展中国家。 China’s successful experience in economical development may work for most of the developing countries. 下一页上一页

III. Expressions & Patterns Back 7.为······起草指导方针 to draft guidelines for… (L. 6) 她正忙着为下月的演讲比赛起草演讲稿。 She was busy drafting her speech for next month’s speech contest. 下一页上一页

Unit8 Section A

Unit8 Section A

Presentation Transcript

Section a:

unit8

UNIT8 I’ll help clean up the city parks. Section A (3a-4)

Unit8 Let’s go to the park

2B Unit8 Time

Section A

Unit8

Unit8

Section A

Section A

Section A

Unit8 Farewell

Unit8

7A Unit8 Reading 1

Unit8 Review and check

Section A

Unit8 Open Day

SECTION A

Unit8 How was your school trip?

Unit8 Dolls

Unit8 Ben's first trip to Beijing

Unit8