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ACCA F7

SAMPLE. ACCA F7. Financial Reporting For exams in June 2014. Key to Icons. SAMPLE. Chapter 1 The conceptual framework. Conceptual framework and GAAP The IASB’s Conceptual Framework The objective of general purpose financial reporting Underlying assumption

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ACCA F7

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  1. SAMPLE

    ACCA F7

    Financial Reporting For exams in June 2014
  2. Key to Icons SAMPLE
  3. Chapter 1The conceptual framework Conceptual framework and GAAP The IASB’s Conceptual Framework The objective of general purpose financial reporting Underlying assumption Qualitative characteristics of financial statements The elements of financial statements Recognition and measurement of the elements of financial statements Fair presentation and compliance with IFRS SAMPLE
  4. Syllabus Guide detailed outcomes 1 Describe what is meant by a conceptual framework of accounting Discuss whether a conceptual framework is necessary and what an alternative system might be Discuss what is meant by relevance and faithful representation and describe the qualities that enhance these characteristics Discuss whether faithful representation constitutes more than compliance with accounting standards Indicate the circumstances and required disclosures where a ‘true and fair’ override may apply
  5. Syllabus Guide detailed outcomes 2 Discuss what is meant by understandability and verifiability in relation to the provision of financial information Discuss the importance of comparability and timeliness to users of financial statements
  6. Syllabus Guide detailed outcomes 3 Define what is meant by ‘recognition’ in financial statements and discuss the recognition criteria Apply the recognition criteria to assets and liabilities and income and expenses Discuss revenue recognition issues and indicate when income and expense recognition should occur Demonstrate the role of the principle of substance over form in relation to recognising sales revenue Explain the measurement bases of historical cost, fair value / current cost, net realisable value and the present value of future cash flows and compute amounts using these bases
  7. Chapter summary diagram Need for a conceptual framework Advantages and disadvantages Generally accepted accounting practice (GAAP) SAMPLE Conceptual framework and GAAP The conceptual framework True and fair view The IASB’s conceptual framework
  8. Conceptual Framework and GAAP 1 What is a conceptual framework? A statement of generally accepted theoretical principles which form a frame of reference for financial reporting. These provide a basis for developing new accounting standards and a platform to evaluate those already in existence.
  9. Conceptual Framework and GAAP 2 Advantages of a conceptual framework Having a consistent conceptual base should avoid contradictions and inconsistencies in basic concepts and so produce standardised consistent accounting practices. The development of standards is less subject to political pressure. A consistent statement of financial position driven or profit or loss driven approach is used.
  10. Conceptual Framework and GAAP 3 Disadvantages of a conceptual framework Financial statements have many users all with differing needs. A single framework cannot satisfy the needs of all users. There may be a need for a variety of accounting standards, each produced for a different purpose with different conceptual bases. Having a conceptual framework may not make it any easier to prepare accounting standards.
  11. Conceptual Framework and GAAP 4 Generally accepted accounting practice (GAAP) Comprises the rules, from all sources, which govern accounting. The major components include: National accounting standards, for example the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) in the USA National company law, for example the Companies Act in the UK Local stock exchange requirements Regional bodies, such as the European Union. For example, an Accounting Directive issued by the EU now requires companies listed on an EU stock exchange to prepare their consolidated financial statements using IFRSs.
  12. The IASB’s Conceptual Framework 1 Published in September 2010 to update the IASB Framework for the Preparation and Presentation of Financial Statements which was issued in 1989. Joint project by the IASB and FASB to be completed in two phases.
  13. The IASB’s Conceptual Framework 2 Currently comprises four chapters: Chapters 1 – 3 are from the new Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting. Chapter 4 consists of the parts of the former 1989 Framework which will be updated in phase 2 of the project.
  14. The IASB’s Conceptual Framework 3 Chapter 1 The objective of general purpose financial reporting Chapter 2 The reporting entity (still to be issued) Chapter 3 Qualitative characteristics of useful financial information
  15. The IASB’s Conceptual Framework 4 Chapter 4 Remaining text of the 1989 Framework Underlying assumption The elements of financial statements Recognition of the elements of financial statements Measurement of the elements of financial statements Concepts of capital and capital maintenance.
  16. The objective of general purpose financial reporting 1 Chapter 1: The objective of general purpose financial reporting To provide information about the reporting entity that is useful to existing and potential investors, lenders and other creditors in making decisions about providing resources to the entity Such decisions are likely to include: Decisions to buy, hold or sell equity investments Assessment of management stewardship and accountability Assessment of the entity’s ability to pay employees Assessment of the security of amounts lent to the entity
  17. The objective of general purpose financial reporting 2 Chapter 1: The objective of general purpose financial reporting (cont.) The information required therefore relates to: The economic resources of the entity The claims against the entity and Changes in the entity’s economic resources and claims This information should be prepared on an accruals basis.
  18. Underlying assumption Chapter 4: The Framework (1989) remaining text Underlying assumption Going concern: The financial statements are normally prepared on the assumption that the entity is a going concern and will continue to trade for the foreseeable future. It is assumed that the entity has neither the intention not the need to liquidate the business or curtail major operations. If it did the financial statements would be prepared on a different basis and this basis would be disclosed.
  19. Qualitative characteristics of financial information 1 Chapter 3: Qualitative characteristics of useful financial information These describe the attributes that information needs to have in order for it to be most useful for existing and potential investors, lenders and other creditors for making decisions about the reporting entity. They are categorised into two categories: Fundamental qualitative characteristics Enhancing qualitative characteristics
  20. Qualitative characteristics of financial information 2 Fundamental qualitative characteristics Relevance Faithful representation SAMPLE Relevant financial information is capable of making a difference in the decisions made by users, ie if it has Predictive value, and/or Confirmatory value To be useful, financial information must faithfully represent the phenomena it purports to represent. A perfect faithful representation would be: Complete Neutral Free from error Materiality Information is material if omitting it or misstating it could influence decisions that users make on the basis of financial information.
  21. Qualitative characteristics of financial information 3 Enhancing qualitative characteristics Comparability Verifiability Timeliness Understandability SAMPLE Information is more useful if it can be compared with similar information about Other entities, and Other periods Consistency helps achieve comparability Assures users that information faithfully represents the economic phenomena it purports to represent Verification can be direct or indirect Having information available to decision-makers in time to be capable of influencing their decisions Classifying, characterising and presenting information clearly and concisely
  22. The elements of financial statements 1 Chapter 4: The Framework (1989) remaining text The elements of financial statements An item can only be recognised in the financial statements if it can be defined as one of the following elements: Asset Liability Equity Income Expense
  23. The elements of financial statements 2 ASSET A resource controlled by an entity as a result of past events and from which future economic benefits are expected to flow to the entity LIABILITY A present obligation of the entity arising from past events, the settlement of which is expected to result in an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits SAMPLE EQUITY The residual interest in the assets of an entity after deducting its liabilities
  24. The elements of financial statements 3 INCOME Increases in economic benefits during the period other than contributions from equity participants EXPENSE Decreases in economic benefits during the period other thandistributions to equity participants SAMPLE
  25. Recognition and measurement of the elements of fs 1 Chapter 4: The Framework (1989) remaining text Recognition of the elements of financial statements Recognition is the process of recording or showing an item in the financial statements. An item can only be recognised in the financial statements when it satisfies the recognition criteria.
  26. Recognition and measurement of the elements of fs 2 Chapter 4: The Framework (1989) remaining text Recognition of the elements of financial statements Recognition criteria: An item meets the definition of an element of the financial statements; and It is probable that any future economic benefit associated with the item will flow to or from the entity; and The item has a cost or value that can be measured with reliability.
  27. Case study: Footballers 1 Are transfer fees paid for footballers an asset?
  28. Case study: Footballers 2 Are the recognition criteria satisfied? Firstly, is there an asset? Control Past event Expected generation of future economic benefit
  29. Case study: Footballers 3 Asset? Control: the football club has purchased the right to use the player for match fixtures/ training and merchandising (player rights) Past event: the transaction to purchase the player Future economic benefits
  30. Case study: Footballers 4 What are the future economic benefits?
  31. Case study: Footballers 5 Asset? Yes, an intangible asset Secondly, is there probable future economic benefit? Yes as discussed above Thirdly, can the amount be measured with reliability? Fee paid → yes Value of future ticket sales and merchandising → no Capitalise only the transfer fee paid as an intangible non-current asset
  32. Recognition and measurement of the elements of fs 3 Chapter 4: The Framework (1989) remaining text Measurement of the elements of financial statements The process of determining the monetary amounts at which the elements of the financial statements are to be recognised and carried in the statement of financial position and the statement of profit or loss. There are four choices available: Historical cost Realisable value Current cost Present value
  33. Recognition and measurement of the elements of fs 4 SAMPLE
  34. Recognition and measurement of the elements of fs 5 SAMPLE
  35. Fair presentation and compliance with IFRS 1 Financial statements should present fairly the financial position, financial performance and cash flows of an entity. It is presumed that this fair presentation will be achieved where an entity complies with both the Conceptual Framework and IFRSs. Fair presentation also requires an entity to: Select and apply appropriate accounting policies Present information in a manner that provides relevance information and which is a faithful representation Provide additional disclosures where further information is required to enable users to understand the impact of transactions
  36. Fair presentation and compliance with IFRS 2 In extremely rare cases management may decide that compliance with an IFRS would make the financial statements misleading. Here departure from the IFRS is required in order for fair presentation to be achieved. Such departures must be disclosed in full including the reason for the departure and the financial impact of the departure on the financial statements.
  37. Recent exam questions SAMPLE
  38. Chapter 2The regulatory framework The need for a regulatory framework The International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) Setting of International Financial Reporting Standards SAMPLE
  39. Syllabus Guide detailed outcomes 1 Explain why a regulatory framework is needed, also including the advantages and disadvantages of IFRS over a national regulatory framework Explain why accounting standards on their own are not a complete regulatory framework Distinguish between a principles based and a rules based framework and discuss whether they can be complementary
  40. Syllabus Guide detailed outcomes 2 Describe the structure and objectives of the IFRS Foundation, the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB), the IFRS Advisory Council (IFRS AC) and the IFRS Interpretations Committee (IFRS IC) Describe the IASB’s Standard setting process including revisions to and interpretations of Standards Explain the relationship of national standard setters to the IASB in respect of the standard setting process
  41. Chapter summary diagram The regulatory framework The IASB's relationship with other standard setters The need for a regulatory framework The IASB SAMPLE The IASB’s structure Principles-based versus rules-based approach The standard setting process
  42. The need for a regulatory framework 1 A regulatory framework is required for two main reasons: To act as a central source of reference of generally accepted accounting practice (GAAP) in a given market To designate a system of enforcement of that GAAP to ensure consistency between companies Its aim is to narrow the areas of difference and choice in financial reporting and to improve comparability.
  43. The need for a regulatory framework 2 Principles-based vs. rules-based systems A principles-based system works within a set of laid down principles. International Financial Reporting Standards use a principles-based system: they are written based on the definitions of the elements of financial statements and the recognition and measurement principles as detailed in the Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting. These principles are designed to cover a wide range of scenarios without the need for a set of rules which govern every eventuality.
  44. The need for a regulatory framework 3 Principles-based vs. rules-based systems A rules-based system regulates for issues as they arise, this means that accounting standards contain rules which apply to specific scenarios. US GAAP has historically used a rules-based system however many of the recent corporate accounting scandals have arisen as a direct result of companies acting in a way that avoids rules. Consequently the US is moving towards a more principles-based system.
  45. The need for a regulatory framework 4 There are both advantages and disadvantages of a principles vs. rules-based system: Advantages: A principles-based approach on a single conceptual framework ensures that standards are consistent with each other. Rules can be broken and ‘loopholes’ found whereas principles are more likely to offer a ‘catch all’ scenario. Principles reduce the need for excessive detail in standards. Disadvantages: Principles can become out of date and can be overly flexible and therefore subject to manipulation.
  46. The IASB 1 The International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) is an independent accounting standard setter established in 2001. It has three formal objectives: To develop, in the public interest, a single set of high quality, understandable and enforceable global accounting standards that require high quality, transparent and comparable information in general purpose financial statements To promote the use and vigorous application of those standards To work actively with national accounting standard setters to bring about convergence of national accounting standards and IFRS to high quality solutions
  47. The IASB 2 IFRS Foundation Trustees SAMPLE IFRS Interpretations Committee International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) IFRS Advisory Council
  48. The IASB 3 The IFRS Foundation The IFRS Foundation is the parent entity of the IASB. Its trustees appoint: The IASB’s Chairman and members of its Board; The members of the IFRS Interpretations Committee The members of the IFRS Advisory Council It also seeks to raise funds for the organisations’ activities.
  49. The IASB 4 The IFRS Advisory Council The IFRS Advisory Council’s objective is to give advice to the IASB on areas of work it should prioritise and on major standard setting projects.
  50. The IASB 5 The IFRS Interpretations Committee The IFRS Interpretations Committee prepares interpretations of IFRSAs for approval by the IASB. It also provides guidance on financial reporting issues not specifically addressed by IFRSs.
  51. Setting of IFRS 1 Below are the key steps in the process used to issue an International Financial Reporting Standard: IASB staff prepare an issues paper including studying the approach of national standards setters. The IFRS Advisory Council is consulted about the advisability of adding the topic to the IASB’s agenda. A Discussion Paper may be published for public comment. An Exposure Draft is published for public comment. After considering all comments received, and IFRS is approved by a majority of the IASB. The final standard includes both a basis for conclusions and any dissenting opinions. Issues Paper Discussion Paper Exposure Draft International Financial Reporting Standard
  52. Setting of IFRS 2 For the IASB to achieve its objective in relation to the harmonisation of accounting standards it is important that it works closely with other national standard setters. The IASB is trying to co-ordinate its work plan with national standard setters such that when it adds an item to its agenda that national standard setters do the same thing so that a standard can be agreed which has international consensus. There are also plans to review all standards where there are significant differences between IFRS and national standards.
  53. Setting of IFRS 3 Current standards examinable in paper F7 are: IAS 1 (revised) IAS 2 IAS 7 IAS 8 IAS 10 IAS 11 IAS 12 IAS 16 IAS 17 IAS 18
  54. Setting of IFRS 4 Current standards examinable in paper F7 are: IAS 20 IAS 21 IAS 23 IAS 24 IAS 27 (revised) IAS 28 IAS 32 IAS 33 IAS 34 IAS 36
  55. Setting of IFRS 5 Current standards examinable in paper F7 are: IAS 37 IAS 38 IAS 39 IAS 40 IFRS 1 IFRS 3 (revised) IFRS 5 IFRS 7 IFRS 9 IFRS 10 IFRS 13
  56. Recent exam questions SAMPLE
  57. Chapter 3Presentation of published financial statements IAS 1 (revised) Presentation of financial statements Statement of financial position The current/ non-current distinction Statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income Changes in equity Notes to the financial statements Revision of basic accounts SAMPLE
  58. Syllabus Guide detailed outcomes 1 Describe the structure (format) and content of financial statements presented under IFRS Prepare any entity’s financial statements in accordance with the prescribed structure and content Prepare and explain the contents and purpose of the statement of changes in equity Describe and prepare a statement of changes in equity
  59. Chapter summary diagram Presentation of published financial statements SAMPLE IFRS financial statements Formats Financial statement preparation questions
  60. IAS 1 (revised) 1 IAS 1 applies to the preparation and presentation of general purpose financial statements in accordance with IFRSs and states that a complete set of financial statements comprises: A statement of financial position at the end of the period A statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income for the period A statement of changes in equity for the period A statement of cash flows for the period Notes to the financial statements including a summary of significant accounting policies an other explanatory information
  61. IAS 1 (revised) 2 Financial statements should also disclose: The name of the reporting entity Whether the accounts relate to the single entity only or a group of entities The date of the end of the reporting period or the period covered by the financial statements The presentation currency The level of rounding used in presenting amounts in the financial statements Financial statements must be prepared on a timely basis in order to provide useful information to users.
  62. Statement of financial position 1 XYZ GROUP – STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 20X2 20X2 20X1 $’000 $’000 ASSETS Non-current assets Property, plant and equipment X X Goodwill X X Other intangible assets X X Investments in associates X X Investments in equity instruments X X X X Current assets Inventories X X Trade receivables X X Other current assets X X Cash and cash equivalents X X X X Total assets XX
  63. Statement of financial position 2 $’000 $’000 EQUITY AND LIABILITIES Equity Share capital X X Retained earnings X X Other components of equity X X X X Total equity X X
  64. Statement of financial position 3 $’000 $’000 Non-current liabilities Long-term borrowings X X Deferred tax X X Long-term provisions X X Total non-current liabilities X X Current liabilities Trade and other payables X X Short-term borrowings X X Current portions of long-term borrowings X X Current tax payable X X Short-term provisions X X Total current liabilities XX Total liabilities X X Total equity and liabilities X X
  65. Statement of financial position 4 The following items must be presented on the face of the statement of financial position (minimum disclosure) Property, plant and equipment Investment property Intangible assets Financial assets Investments accounted for using the equity method (associates)
  66. Statement of financial position 5 Biological assets (not in syllabus) Inventories Trade and other receivables Cash and cash equivalents Assets classified as held for sale under IFRS 5 Trade and other payables Provisions Financial liabilities
  67. Statement of financial position 6 Current tax liabilities and assets as in IAS 12 Deferred tax liabilities and assets Liabilities included in disposal groups under IFRS 5 Non-controlling interests Issued capital and reserves Other items can be presented in the notes to the financial statements unless they need to be disclosed on the face of the statement of financial position in order for users to properly understand the entity’s financial position.
  68. Statement of financial position 7 Further sub-classification of the above items should be made either on the face of the statement of financial position or in the notes. The degree of further sub-classification depends on the requirements of IFRSs and the nature of the business. They include: Property, plant and equipment classified by class of asset Receivables analysed between amounts receivable from trade customers, other group members, related parties, prepayments and other amounts
  69. Statement of financial position 8 They include cont.: Inventories sub-classified into materials, work in progress and finished goods Provisions Equity capital and reserves classified into classes of capital, share premium and reserves Additional specific disclosures must be made: Share capital disclosures: Authorised share capital and issued share capital (issued and fully paid and issued but not fully paid) Par value of each share
  70. Statement of financial position 9 Share capital disclosures cont.: Reconciliation of the number of shares outstanding at the beginning and the end of the year Rights, preferences and restrictions attaching to the class of shares (including restrictions on distributing dividends and the repayment of capital) Shares in the entity held by itself or by related group companies Shares reserved for issuance under options and sales contracts A description of the nature and purpose of each reserve within owners’ equity.
  71. The current/ non-current distinction Assets and liabilities should be classified as either current or non-current on the face of the statement of financial position. Current assets and liabilities comprise assets and liabilities which relate to the operating cycle of the entity. The operating cycle of an entity is the time between the acquisition of assets for processing and their realisation in cash and cash equivalents. Non-current assets and liabilities are used in the long term operations of the entity and will typically be recovered or settled after more than twelve months.
  72. The statement of profit or loss and OCI 1 IAS 1 (revised) allows income and expense items to be presented either: In a single statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income In two statements: a separate statement of profit or loss and a statement of other comprehensive income
  73. The statement of profit or loss and OCI 2 XYZ GROUP – STATEMENT OF PROFIT OR LOSS AND OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 20X2 20X2 20X1 $’000 $’000 RevenueX X Cost of sales (X) (X) Gross profit X X Other income X X Distribution costs (X) (X) Administrative expenses (X) (X) Other expenses (X) (X) Finance costs (X) (X) Profit before taxX X Income tax expense (X) (X) PROFIT FOR THE YEARX X Other comprehensive income: Gains on property revaluation X X Investments in equity instruments (X) X Income tax relating to components of other comprehensive income (X) X Other comprehensive income for the year, net of taxX (X) TOTAL COMPREHENSIVE INCOME FOR THE YEARX X
  74. The statement of profit or loss and OCI 3 XYZ GROUP – STATEMENT OF PROFIT OR LOSS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 20X2 20X2 20X1 $’000 $’000 RevenueX X Cost of sales (X) (X) Gross profit X X Other income X X Distribution costs (X) (X) Administrative expenses (X) (X) Other expenses (X) (X) Finance costs (X) (X) Profit before taxX X Income tax expense (X) (X) PROFIT FOR THE YEARX X
  75. The statement of profit or loss and OCI 4 XYZ GROUP – STATEMENT OF PROFIT OR LOSS AND OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 20X2 20X2 20X1 $’000 $’000 Profit for the year X X Other comprehensive income: Gains on property revaluation X X Investments in equity instruments (X) X Income tax relating to components of other comprehensive income (X) X Other comprehensive income for the year, net of taxX (X) TOTAL COMPREHENSIVE INCOME FOR THE YEARX X
  76. The statement of profit or loss and OCI 5 IAS 1 offers two formats for the statement of profit or loss. The most common format is to classify income and expenses by function as above. Income and expenses can also be classified by nature as detailed on the next slide:
  77. The statement of profit or loss and OCI 6 XYZ GROUP – STATEMENT OF PROFIT OR LOSS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 20X2 20X2 20X1 $’000 $’000 RevenueX X Other operating income X X Changes in inventories of FG and WIP (X) X Work performed by the entity and capitalised X X Raw material and consumables used (X) (X) Employee benefits expense (X) (X) Depreciation and amortisation expense (X) (X) Impairment of property, plant and equipment (X) (X) Other expenses (X) (X) Finance costs (X) (X) Profit before taxX X Income tax expense (X) (X) PROFIT FOR THE YEARX X
  78. The statement of profit or loss and OCI 7 IAS 1 (revised) also requires the following items to be disclosed on the face of the statement of profit or loss (minimum disclosure) Revenue Finance costs Tax expense Profit or loss Note that dividends do not meet the IASB Conceptual Framework definitionof an expense and so are not included in the statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income. Rather they are shown as a deducted from retained earnings in the statement of changes in equity.
  79. Changes in equity Share Ret’d Revaluation Total capital earnings surplus equity $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000 Balance at 1 January 20X1 X X X X Changes in accounting policy - (X) - (X) Restated balance X X X X Changes in equity for 20X1 Dividends - (X) - (X) Total comprehensive income - X (X) X Balance at 31 December 20X1XXXX Changes in equity for 20X2 Issue of share capital X - - X Dividends (X) (X) Total comprehensive income - X X X Transfer to retained earnings - X (X) - Balance at 31 December 20X2XXXX
  80. Notes to the financial statements Notes to the accounts amplify the information given in the financial statements. Notes perform the following functions: Provide information about the basis on which the financial statements were prepared and which specific accounting policies were chosen. Disclose information required by IFRSs which has not been disclosed elsewhere in the financial statements. Show any additional information relevant to understanding the financial statements.
  81. Revision of basic accounts 1 In the exam you will be required to prepare a basic set of company accounts from a trial balance incorporating additional information provided in the question. To be successful in these questions you must Practice as many examples of these questions as you can Adopt a methodical approach to completing them
  82. Revision of basic accounts 2 Read the requirements and scan the information in the question. Set up four pages as necessary: Proforma statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income Proforma statement of financial position Proforma statement of changes in equity A page for workings Read the additional information given and make a mark by each caption in the trial balance that is going to change.
  83. Revision of basic accounts 3 Transfer the figures from the trial balance: Unaffected figures may be entered directly on your proforma Figures requiring adjustment can either be put into a working or brackets opened up on the face of your proforma solution Work through the adjustments in the additional information dealing with both sides of the double entry. Once you have attempted all adjustments, balance off your workings and transfer the final figures to your proforma.
  84. Question: AZ Co AZ Co is a quoted manufacturing company. Its finished products are stored in a nearby warehouse until ordered by customers. AZ Co has performed very well in the past, but has been in financial difficulties in recent months and has been reorganising the business to improve performance. The trial balance for AZ Co at 31 March 20X3 was as follows:
  85. Question: AZ Co TRIAL BALANCE AT 31 MARCH 20X3  $'000  $'000 Sales 124,900 Cost of goods manufactured in the year to 31 March 20X3 (excluding depreciation) 94,000 Distribution costs 9,060 Administrative expenses 16,020 Restructuring costs 121 Interest received 1,200 Debenture interest paid639 Land and buildings (including land $20,000,000) 50,300 Plant and equipment      3,720               Accumulated depreciation at 31 March 20X2:   Buildings 6,060   Plant and equipment 1,670 Investment properties (at market value)24,000 Inventories at 31 March 20X24,852 Trade receivables 9,330 Bank and cash 1,190 Ordinary shares of $1 each, fully paid 20,000 Share premium 430 Revaluation surplus 3,125 Retained earnings at 31 March 20X2 28,077 Ordinary dividends paid 1,000 7% debentures 20X718,250 Trade payables 8,120 Proceeds of share issue 2,400 214,232214,232 SPLOCI SOFP
  86. Question: AZ Co Additional information provided: The property, plant and equipment are being depreciated as follows: Buildings: 5% per annum straight line Plant and equipment: 25% per annum reducing balance Depreciation of buildings is considered an administrative cost while depreciation of plant and equipment should be treated as a cost of sale. On 31 March 20X3 the land was revalued to $24,000,000. Income tax for the year to 31 March 20X3 is estimated at $976,000. Ignore deferred tax.
  87. Question: AZ Co The closing inventories at 31 March 20X3 were $5,180,000. An inspection of finished goods found that a production machine had been set up incorrectly and that several production batches, which had cost $50,000 to manufacture, had the wrong packaging. The goods cannot be sold in this condition but could be repacked at an additional cost of $20,000. They could then be sold for $55,000. the wrongly packaged goods were included in closing inventories at their cost of $50,000. The 7% loan notes are ten year loans due for repayment by 31 March 20X7. Interest on these loan notes needs to be accrued for the six months to 31 March 20X3. The restructuring costs in the trial balance represent the cost of a major restructuring of the company to improve competitiveness and future profitability.
  88. Question: AZ Co No fair value adjustments were necessary to the investment properties during the period. During the year the company issued 2 million new ordinary shares for cash at $1.20 per share. The proceeds have been recorded as ‘proceeds of share issue’.
  89. Question: AZ Co Required Prepare the statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income and statement of changes in equity for AZ for the year to 31 March 20X3 and a statement of financial position at that date. Notes to the financial statements are not required, but all workings must be clearly shown.
  90. Answer: AZ Co AZ STATEMENT OF PROFIT OR LOSS AND OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MARCH 20X3 $'000 Revenue Cost of sales Gross profit Distribution costs Administrative expenses Other expenses Finance income Finance costs Profit before tax Income tax expense PROFIT FOR THE YEAR Other comprehensive income: Gain on property revaluation TOTAL COMPREHENSIVE INCOME FOR THE YEAR 124,900
  91. Answer: AZ Co 1 Expenses Cost of sales Distribution Admin Other $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000 Per question 121 9,060 16,020 94,000
  92. Answer: AZ Co AZ STATEMENT OF PROFIT OR LOSS AND OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MARCH 20X3 $'000 Revenue Cost of sales Gross profit Distribution costs Administrative expenses Other expenses Finance income Finance costs Profit before tax Income tax expense PROFIT FOR THE YEAR Other comprehensive income: Gain on land revaluation TOTAL COMPREHENSIVE INCOME FOR THE YEAR 124,900 1,200 (639)
  93. Answer: AZ Co 2 Property, plant and equipment LandBuildings Plant & Total equipment $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000 Cost Accumulated depreciation b/d - Carrying amount b/d Charge for year - Revaluation (balancing figure) Carrying amountc/d 20,000 30,300 3,720 (6,060) (1,670)
  94. Answer: AZ Co Non-current assets Property, plant and equipment Investment properties Current assets Inventories Trade receivables Cash and cash equivalents Equity Share capital Share premium Retained earnings Revaluation surplus Non-current liabilities 7% loan notes 20X7 Current liabilities Trade payables Income tax payable Interest payable 24,000
  95. Answer: AZ Co 1 Expenses Cost of sales Distribution Admin Other $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000 Per question Openinginventories4,852 121 9,060 16,020 94,000
  96. Answer: AZ Co Non-current assets Property, plant and equipment Investment properties Current assets Inventories Trade receivables Cash and cash equivalents Equity Share capital Share premium Retained earnings Revaluation surplus Non-current liabilities 7% loan notes 20X7 Current liabilities Trade payables Income tax payable Interest payable 24,000 9,330 1,190 (20,000 (430 (28,077 – 1,000 (3,125 18,250 8,120
  97. Answer: AZ Co 2Property, plant and equipment LandBuildings Plant & Total equipment $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000 Cost Accumulated depreciation b/d - Carrying amount b/d Charge for year - Revaluation (balancing figure) Carrying amountc/d 20,000 3,720 30,300 (6,060) (1,670) 2,050 24,240 20,000 30,300 x 5% (1,515) (1,515) 2,050 x 25% (513) (513)
  98. Answer: AZ Co 1 Expenses Cost of sales Distribution Admin Other $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000 Per question 121 9,060 16,020 94,000 Depreciation - Buildings (W2) 1,515 - P&E (W2) 513 Opening inventories 4,852
  99. Answer: AZ Co 2 Property, plant and equipment LandBuildings Plant & Total equipment $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000 Cost Accumulated depreciation b/d - Carrying amount b/d Charge for year - Revaluation (balancing figure) Carrying amountc/d 20,000 3,720 54,020 30,300 (6,060) (1,670) (7,730) 2,050 46,290 24,240 20,000 30,300 x 5% (1,515) (1,515) 2,050 x 25% (513) (513) 20,000 22,725 1,537 44,262 4,000 - - 4,000 24,000 22,725 1,537 48,262
  100. Answer: AZ Co Non-current assets Property, plant and equipment Investment properties Current assets Inventories Trade receivables Cash and cash equivalents Equity Share capital Share premium Retained earnings Revaluation surplus Non-current liabilities 7% loan notes 20X7 Current liabilities Trade payables Income tax payable Interest payable (W2) 48,262 24,000 9,330 1,190 (20,000 (430 (28,077 – 1,000 + (W2) 4,000) 7,125 (3,125 18,250 8,120
  101. Answer: AZ Co AZ STATEMENT OF PROFIT OR LOSS AND OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MARCH 20X3 $'000 Revenue Cost of sales Gross profit Distribution costs Administrative expenses Other expenses Finance income Finance costs Profit before tax Income tax expense PROFIT FOR THE YEAR Other comprehensive income: Gain on land revaluation TOTAL COMPREHENSIVE INCOME FOR THE YEAR 124,900 1,200 (639 (976) (W2) 4,000
  102. Answer: AZ Co Non-current assets Property, plant and equipment Investment properties Current assets Inventories Trade receivables Cash and cash equivalents Equity Share capital Share premium Retained earnings Revaluation surplus Non-current liabilities 7% loan notes 20X7 Current liabilities Trade payables Income tax payable Interest payable (W2) 48,262 24,000 9,330 1,190 (20,000 (430 (28,077 – 1,000 (3,125 + (W2) 4,000) 7,125 18,250 8,120 976
  103. Answer: AZ Co 3 Inventories $’000 $’000 Defective batch Selling price 55 Costs to complete - repackaging (20)  NRV 35 Cost (50)  Write-off required (15)
  104. Answer: AZ Co Non-current assets Property, plant and equipment Investment properties Current assets Inventories Trade receivables Cash and cash equivalents Equity Share capital Share premium Retained earnings Revaluation surplus Non-current liabilities 7% loan notes 20X7 Current liabilities Trade payables Income tax payable Interest payable (W2) 48,262 24,000 (5,180 – (W3) 15) 5,165 9,330 1,190 (20,000 (430 (28,077 – 1,000 (3,125 + (W2) 4,000) 7,125 18,250 8,120 976
  105. Answer: AZ Co 1 Expenses Cost of sales Distribution Admin Other $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000 Per question 121 9,060 16,020 94,000 Depreciation - Buildings (W2) 1,515 - P&E (W2) 513 Opening inventories 4,852 Closing inventories (5,180 – (W3) 15) (5,165)
  106. Answer: AZ Co AZ STATEMENT OF PROFIT OR LOSS AND OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MARCH 20X3 $'000 Revenue Cost of sales Gross profit Distribution costs Administrative expenses Other expenses Finance income Finance costs Profit before tax Income tax expense PROFIT FOR THE YEAR Other comprehensive income: Gain on land revaluation TOTAL COMPREHENSIVE INCOME FOR THE YEAR 124,900 1,200 (639 + ((18,250 x 7%) – 639) (1,278) (976) (W2) 4,000
  107. Answer: AZ Co Non-current assets Property, plant and equipment Investment properties Current assets Inventories Trade receivables Cash and cash equivalents Equity Share capital Share premium Retained earnings Non-current liabilities 7% loan notes 20X7 Current liabilities Trade payables Income tax payable Interest payable (W2) 48,262 24,000 (5,180 – (W3) 15) 5,165 9,330 1,190 (20,000 + (2m x $1)) 22,000 + (2m x $0.20)) 830 (430 (28,077 – 1,000 Revaluation surplus (3,125 + (W2) 4,000) 7,125 18,250 8,120 976 (1,278 – 639) 639
  108. Answer: AZ Co 1 Expenses Cost of sales Distribution Admin Other $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000 Per question 121 9,060 16,020 94,000 Depreciation - Buildings (W2) 1,515 - P&E (W2) 513 Opening inventories 4,852 Closing inventories (5,180 – (W3) 15) (5,165) 94,2009,060 17,535 121
  109. Answer: AZ Co AZ STATEMENT OF PROFIT OR LOSS AND OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MARCH 20X3 $'000 Revenue Cost of sales Gross profit Distribution costs Administrative expenses Other expenses Finance income Finance costs Profit before tax Income tax expense PROFIT FOR THE YEAR Other comprehensive income: Gain on land revaluation TOTAL COMPREHENSIVE INCOME FOR THE YEAR 124,900 30,700 3,906 2,930 6,930 (W1) (94,200) (W1) (9,060) (W1) (17,535) (W1) (121) 1,200 + (18,250 x 7%) – 639) (1,278) (639 (976) (W2) 4,000
  110. Answer: AZ Co Non-current assets Property, plant and equipment Investment properties      Current assets Inventories Trade receivables Cash and cash equivalents      Equity Share capital Share premium Retained earnings Revaluation surplus      Non-current liabilities 7% loan notes 20X7 Current liabilities Trade payables Income tax payable Interest payable      (W2) 48,262 24,000 72,262 15,685 87,947 59,962 18,250 9,735 87,947 (5,180 – (W3) 15) 5,165 9,330 1,190 (20,000 + (2m x $1)) 22,000 + (2m x $0.20)) 830 (430 (28,077 – 1,000 + 2,930) 30,007 (3,125 + (W2) 4,000) 7,125 18,250 8,120 976 (1,278 – 639) 639
  111. Answer: AZ Co AZ STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY Share Share Ret’d Rev’n Total capital premium earnings surplus $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000 20,000 430 28,077 3,125 51,632 2,000 400 2,400 (1,000) (1,000) 2,930 4,000 6,930 22,000 830 30,007 7,125 59,962 Balance at 1 April 20X2 Issue of share capital Dividends Total comprehensive income Balance at 31 March 20X3
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