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The Enlightenment Spreads

The Enlightenment era, marked by the publication of Denis Diderot's Encyclopedia, significantly influenced the arts and government. Key figures like Franz Joseph Haydn, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, and Ludwig van Beethoven redefined music, adopting innovative forms and elegance that transitioned into Romanticism. In governance, enlightened despots like Frederick the Great and Joseph II sought societal improvements through reforms, including religious freedoms and the abolition of serfdom. This period exemplified the synergy between artistic evolution and progressive political thought.

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The Enlightenment Spreads

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  1. The Enlightenment Spreads

  2. The Arts • Denis Diderot • Spread Enlightenment thinking in all areas by publishing the Encyclopedia • Franz Joseph Haydn • Developed new musical form in the sonata and symphony

  3. The Arts • Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart • Set a new standard for elegance and originality with his varied and numerous musical compositions • Ludwig van Beethoven • Moved from the classical style of Mozart and began a new trend that carried music into the Age of Romanticism

  4. The Arts • Samuel Richardson • Wrote Pamela the first English Novel • Baroque • Grand ornate style of the arts that was popular before the enlightenment • Neoclassical • Simple and elegant style that emphasized order and balance and borrowed ideas and themes from Classical Greece and Rome

  5. Government • Fredrick The Great (Prussia) • Committed himself to the goal of reforming and strengthening his country • Granted many religious freedoms • Reduced censorship, improved education and justice system • King is “first servant of the state” • Joseph II (Austria) • Abolished serfdom • Initiated legal reforms • Introduced freedom of the press • Supported Freedom of religion

  6. Government • Catherine the Great (Russia) • Tried to modernize and reform Russia according to the writings of philosophers • Accomplished limited reforms • Enlightened despot • Despot = absolute ruler • And absolute monarch who reflected Enlightenment ideals of reform and reason

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