1. Invertebrates Eight Major Phyla

2. Phylum PoriferaPoriferans/Sponges • Contains many pores • Grows back together if cut or chopped up

3. Phylum PoriferaPoriferans/Sponges • Sexual and asexual reproduction • Made of spicules

4. Phylum CnidariaCnidarians • Hollow, central body cavity with only one opening (cup shaped) “tube within a tube” • Nematocysts – special stinging structures around the mouth

5. Phylum CnidariaCnidarians • Sexual and asexual reproduction • radial symmetry

6. Phylum PlatyhelminthesFlatworms • Flat bodies • Regeneration – grows part back • digestive tract is tube

7. Phylum PlatyhelminthesFlatworms • Live in ponds and streams, bottom of plants or rocks • Some live in animal or human host, others are freeliving

8. Phylum NematodaRoundworms • Resemble strands of spaghetti • Live on land or in water • Can be parasites

9. Phylum NematodaRoundworms • Have both a head end and a tail end with a digestive tube for food entrance and exits

10. Phylum AnnelidaSegmented worms • Ringed • Body is divided into several rings or segments – at least 100

11. Phylum AnnelidaSegmented worms • Setae – bristles that help the worm to move • Earthworms’ wastes enrich soil

12. Phylum Arthropoda • Largest phyla of all animals • All have jointed legs, exoskeleton, segmented body

13. Crustaceans • Shed their exoskeleton (molting) • Live in water and have gills • Can regenerate some parts

14. Centipedes and Millipedes • Centipedes have one pair of legs in a segment and are carnivores • Millipedes have two sets of legs in a segment and are herbivores

15. Arachnids • Bodies are divided into two main sections: A head-chest section and an abdominal section • All have 8 legs • Only arthropod w/o antennae

16. Insects • Body is divided into three main sections: head, thorax (chest), and abdomen • Has three pairs of legs, antennae, and most have wings

17. Insects • Open circulatory system • Shed their exoskeleton as they grow

18. Insects • Metamorphosis stage changes (egg to larva to pupa to adult) • Pheromones – powerful chemicals released to attract a mate

19. Phylum MolluscaMollusks • All have soft bodies • All have a mantle to produce shell

20. Univalves/Gastropods (one-shelled) • Live in ocean, freshwater, or on land (need moisture) • Radula files off bits of plants

21. Univalves/Gastropods (one-shelled) • Some inject poison, dangerous to people • Moves along mucus

22. Bivalves (two-shelled) • Move by clapping the two shells together

23. Bivalves (two-shelled) • Bivalves are often called filter feeders because they spend most of their time straining water for food

24. Tentacled/Cephlopods • Have some part of a shell within their body (except nautilus)

25. Tentacled/Cephalopods • Number of tentacles for capturing food varies • Water jet propulsion for movement

26. Phylum EchinodermataEchinoderms • Name means “Spiny-skinned” • Regenerate lost/broken body parts

27. Phylum EchinodermataEchinoderms • Water vascular system • five-part radial symmetry

28. You are done with the notes. • Now you have everything you NEED to be ready for next week’s test. There is no excuse to do poorly - you have a week to prepare and memorize these facts!