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Programmable Logic Devices Lecture #1. Digital Fundamentals with VHDL by Thomas L. Floyd. Analog vs. Digital. Analog: Infinite values are measurable in both time and temperature. Digital: Bothe time and temperature are quantized. The Digital Advantage. Data Processing Data Transmission
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Programmable Logic DevicesLecture #1 Digital Fundamentals with VHDL by Thomas L. Floyd
Analog vs. Digital Analog: Infinite values are measurable in both time and temperature. Digital: Bothe time and temperature are quantized.
The Digital Advantage • Data Processing • Data Transmission • Data Storage
Binary Digits Positive Logic HIGH = 1 Low = 0 Or Negative logic High =0 Low =1
Period and Frequency Frequency (f) is measure in cycles per second or Hertz (Hz) Period (T) is measured in seconds f = 1/T T = 1/f
Pulse Width and Duty Cycle Duty cycle = (tw/T)100%
Basic Logic Functions • Comparison Function • Arithmetic Functions • Code conversion function • Encoding function • Decoding function • Data selection function • Data storage function • Counting function
Basic Logic Functions Comparison Function
Basic Logic Functions Arithmetic Functions
Basic Logic Functions Encoding Function
Basic Logic Functions Decoding Function
Basic Logic Functions Data Selection Function
Basic Logic Functions Storage Function: Flip-flops, Registers, Memory Elements 4-bit Shift Register
Basic Logic Functions Storage Function: Flip-flops, Registers, Memory Elements 4-bit Parallel Shift Register
Basic Logic Functions Counting Function
Fix-Function Integrated Circuits Plastic Leaded Chip Carrier Leadless Ceramic Chip Carrier
Integrated Circuit Complexity Classifications SSI Small-Scale Integration describes fixed-function IC’s that have up to twelve equivalent gate circuits on a single chip, and the include basic gates and flip-flops. MSI Medium-Scale Integration describes integrated circuits tat have from 12 to 99 equivalent gates on a chip. They include logic functions such as encoders, decoders, counters, registers, multiplexers, arithmetic circuits, small memories, and others. LSI Large-Scale Integration is a classification of ICs with complexities of 100 to 9999 equivalent gates per chip. VLSI Very Large-Scale Integration describes integrated circuits with complexities of 10,000 to 99,999 equivalent gates per chip. ULSI Ultra Large-Scale Integration describes very large memories, larger microprocessors, and larger single-chip computers. Complexities of 100,000 equivalent gates and greater are classified as ULSI.
Integrated Circuit Technologies • TTL • ECL • CMOS • NMOS • SSI and MSI use TTL or CMOS • VLSI and ULSI use CMOS or NMOS
Programmable Logic Devices (PLDs) Programmable logic devices can replace fix-function logic - the major advantage is that the logic function of the PLD can be changed without rewiring. SPLDs (Simple Programmable Logic Devices) CPLDs (Complex Programmable Logic Devices)
Types of SPLDs • PAL (Programmable Array Logic) • GAL (Generic Array Logic) • PLA (Programmable Logic Array) • PROM (Programmable Read-only Memory)
Types of CPLDs • CPLDs are made using 2 to 64 SPLDs using 44-pins to over 200-pins
Field Programmable Gate Arrays Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA) consist of an array of 64 to thousands of logic groups called “logic blocks” There are two types of logic blocks fine-grained FPGAs with smaller logic blocks course-grained FPGAs with large logic blocks
PLD programming • Schematic Entry –logic diagram • Text-Based Entry using hardware description language(HDL)
PLDs versus Fixed-function Logic • Differences between fixed-function logic and programmable logic • Advantages of programmable logic over fixed-function logic • Implementing fixed-function logic • Implementing programmable logic
To implement a system using fixed-function logic • Design system • Select devices • Layout printed circuit board • Manufacture printed circuit board • Install ICs on the printed circuit board • Test the system
Advantages of Programmable Logic Approach • Less time required to implement • Less space required on printed circuit board • Quicker design change implementation
To implement a system using a PLD • Define the system requirements • Install PLD development software on the computer • Write the program describing the hardware • Enter the program and run simulation software to test the system • Run the software to physically implement the system design in the PLD
Programming • Basic Software Concepts • Algorithms (sequential steps) • Programming Languages (sequential steps) • High-level • Assembly • Machine • VHDL • Very high speed integrated circuit Hardware Description Language (describes hardware layout-not a sequential operation!)
Hardware Descriptive Languages • VHDL- IEEE standard language • Verilog – IEEE standard language • AHDL – proprietary language • ABEL – proprietary language • CUPL – proprietary language
History of VHDL • Initiated by Department of Defense in 1981 • Rights to VHDL transferred to IEEE and first version published in 1987 • Revision published in 1993 as IEEE standard 1076-1993
Using VHDL to program a digital logic design • Define and document what the program is going to do • Determine a solution and document how the task is to be accomplished • Create and document the program • Test and debug the program and document any revisions • Implement the design
Development Software • Development Software Supplied by Manufacturer • Altera • Lattice • Xilinx • Cypress
VHDL overview • Entity and architecture- minimum requirement of program • Define port • Structural approach • Data flow approach • Behavioral approach
Entities-TheExteriorDescription • Describes a logic function as viewed from the outside • Defines the inputs and outputs, called a port • Defines the data type • Describes external aspects of the logic function
Architecture – The Interior Description • Describes the internal operation of the logic function in one of three ways • Structural description • Data flow description • Behavioral description
Structural or Data Flow approach • Structural approach • Described in terms of basic logic gates • and their interconnections (like Boolean algebra) • Data flow approach • Described by how signals flow through the logic gates (like Truth Tables or Next State Tables) • Both approaches deal with the internal details of the logic function
Behavioral approach • Describes the logic function in terms of what happens on the outputs in response to the inputs (like State Diagram) • Used for complex designs