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Unit 4: The Executive Branch

Unit 4: The Executive Branch. Only do Chapters 13-15 Chapters 16 and 17 Extra Credit options. Skim over all sections Do Chapter assessment at end of Chapter Only be tested on Sections 1 and 2. Chapter 13: the PResidency. What does the President do?.

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Unit 4: The Executive Branch

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  1. Unit 4: The Executive Branch Only do Chapters 13-15 Chapters 16 and 17 Extra Credit options

  2. Skim over all sections Do Chapter assessment at end of Chapter Only be tested on Sections 1 and 2 Chapter 13: the PResidency

  3. What does the President do? • Chief of State; head of the government (as a symbol) • Chief Executive: the decision maker and enforcer for the United States • Chief Administrator: runs the U.S. government and oversees all of the other executive offices • Chief Diplomat: The head negotiator and spokesman for the United States in international affairs • Commander in Chief: Head person of the United States military • Chief legislator: makes political agendas and final decisions for public policy; negotiates with Congress • Chief of Party: head representative of his political party • Chief Citizen: Represent the people and conduct his life as a model citizen.

  4. Formal Qualifications for Presidency • 1. Be a natural born citizen of the United States… controversial… • 2. Be at least 35 years old. • (Kennedy was the youngest President voted to office… Roosevelt was actually the youngest president to take office) Reagan was the oldest at 69. Obama is the 5th youngest. • 3. Live in the United States for 14 years. If you are a U.S. citizen who travels a lot or goes and lives elsewhere (like England or Mexico) you have to have been here for 14 years at some point.

  5. President’s term • 4 years each term. • Can only be elected twice– for up to 10 years total. (22nd Amendment 1951- after Roosevelt was president for 12 years (4 terms, died in office) • $400,000 per year salary • $50,000 expense account • $100,000 personal travel account • $19,000 entertainment account • Access to Presidential housing, and perks, etc. • Once a President, always a President… some perks never stop like health care and secret service protection

  6. What happens if the President isn’t the President? Succession rules • Vice President takes over. 25th Amendment • 14 Presidents were once Vice Presidents. • Becomes acting President if the sitting President becomes disabled • President must submit it in writing to Congress • Vice President and majority of Presidential cabinet submit it in writing to the Congress • Congress decides if the President is fit to govern. • Only happened twice in U.S. history • Presidential Succession Act of 1947 • VP • Speaker of the House • President Pro Tem of the Senate • Look on page 359 for full Succession list

  7. Is the VP important? According to the Constitution: • Preside of the Senate and keep order • Take over if the President is unable to perform duties • $230,000 salary (+10,000 expense budget) • Cannot be fired; can only be removed by Congress What happens if the Vice President is no longer the Vice President? • President picks someone and Congress approves the choice (This has happened 18 times)

  8. All sections could show up on the exam. Chapter 14: What does the President’s powers do?

  9. Where does the power of the President come from? • Article II of the Constitution’s Executive Articles: “The executive Power shall be vested in the President of the United States of America.” • Fill the 6 roles of the Presidency (chief…) • Mass media (since the invention of the radio) Presidents have used mass media to appeal directly to the American people. • We tend to choose “charismatic leaders” for our Presidents • President is only “checked” if the Congress or Supreme Court act against the President.

  10. What does the President do? • Chief of State; head of the government (as a symbol) • Chief Executive: the decision maker and enforcer for the United States • Chief Administrator: runs the U.S. government and oversees all of the other executive offices • Chief Diplomat: The head negotiator and spokesman for the United States in international affairs • Commander in Chief: Head person of the United States military • Chief legislator: makes political agendas and final decisions for public policy; negotiates with Congress • Chief of Party: head representative of his political party • Chief Citizen: Represent the people and conduct his life as a model citizen.

  11. Chief Administrator • President must execute and enforce laws despite personal views • 1960’s • desegregation of schools • Enforce the Civil Liberty Act • Use of force with the National Guard • 1980’s (and now) • Immigration laws • Amnesty decisions • Administration and cabinets • President appoints people to run government (Senate approves) • President can remove people from the executive offices (except judges because they are part of the “Judicial branch” • Immigration offices • Social Security Administration • U.S. Heath and Safety Administration

  12. Chief Diplomat and Commander in Chief • Create treaties (approved by the Senate) • Senate can control the President in foreign treaties • WWI – Senate refused to sign Treaty of Versailles or join the League of Nations • Meet with foreign leaders and create executive agreements (not formally treaties) that define trade plans and support plans (gives President a way around the Senate if necessary) • Lend-Lease Act • Vietnam Military Advisors • Diplomatic missions to support middle east • Oversee military campaigns and advise military generals • Decide whether to push the little red button • Congress can declare war or approve military intervention • War Resolution Act of 1973: President can send military aid for a limited amount of time (60-90 days) without Congress approval (Vietnam)

  13. Chief legislator, Chief of Party, Chief Citizen • Veto power: Check the power of Congress • Judicial powers to check Death Penalty or Criminal decisions • Execution reprieve; delay an execution • Pardons of crimes (usually for “white collar” crime) President Ford pardoned Nixon for “Watergate” crimes-- Mafia • Clemency: go easy on federal offenses (reduce death penalty to life in prison; offer parole, etc. • Amnesty: Pardon for all crimes to a group (Mormons, Illegal immigrants)

  14. Skim the entire chapter for the Chapter homework but only sections 1-3 will be on the exam. Chapter 15: Bureaucracy: The Executive cabinet (all the people who work for the president directly)

  15. Bureaucrats: the people who work for the President (cuz he can’t do it all) • Why is bureaucracy good? • Specialization (Secretary of Defense only focuses on defense issues, Secretary of Treasury only focuses on economic issues) • Why bureaucracy is bad? • A lot of people have to cooperate to get things done and it usually creates problems. • War (Secretary of Defense demands money to pay for war, Secretary of Treasury says there is no money… )

  16. Who is who of the President’s peopleSee page 417 for a complete list:Know Chapter 15, Section 2– this will make up a portion of the test on Thursday Most important offices Most important people Vice President Secretaries in the NSC Secretary of State Secretary of the Treasury Secretary of war Attorny General Advisory Cabinet 15 Executive officers Economic advisors Political advisors Congressional leaders • National Security Council • NSC • CIA • Secretary of State • Secretary of Defense • Joint Chief’s of Staff • Homeland Security • FBI • Office of Management and Budget • Office of Faith Based Initiatives • Office of National Drug Control Policy • Council of Economic Advisors

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