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Classification

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  1. Classification Chapter 17

  2. Taxonomy • Taxonomy: the classification of organisms accord. to characteristics and evolutionary history • Uses info from: • 1) Fossil record • 2) Morphology (appearance) • 3) Embryology (comparison of embryos) • 4) DNA, RNA, & chromosomes

  3. Binomial Nomenclature • The 2-part naming system used in taxonomy • Creates a species name (scientific name) for organisms • 1st part: Genus • 2nd part: species identifier • i.e.: Homo sapiens; Canis lupus (wolf); Triticum vulgaris (wheat)

  4. Levels of Classification • Carolus Linnaeus designed a 7-level system: Domain: largest level -are 3 -added after Linnaeus

  5. Dichotomous Keys • Used as guide to classifying organisms • Forces user to make choices that narrow down until final answer is revealed

  6. Phylogeny • Phylogeny: the evolutionary history of an organism (how that organism evolved) • Can be used to create a: • A) Cladogram • Shows how species diverged from one another as they evolved from a common ancestor • Closer together on cladogram = more recent common ancestor • B) Phylogenetic Tree • Shows hypothetical relationships among organisms

  7. Cladogram

  8. Phylogenetic Tree

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