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Aromatic substitution is a fundamental reaction in organic chemistry where an atom or group in an aromatic compound is replaced by another. This process can be categorized into electrophilic aromatic substitution (EAS) and nucleophilic aromatic substitution (NAS). EAS involves electrophiles attacking the aromatic ring, while NAS occurs when a nucleophile displaces a leaving group on the aromatic compound. This concept is vital for synthesizing various complex organic molecules found in pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and materials science. Explore the mechanisms, regioselectivity, and applications of these vital reactions.
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