1 / 30

Principles of Ecology

Principles of Ecology. Unit 2 Chapter 2. What is ecology?. Ecology : study of interactions that take place between organisms and their environment. Biosphere. the portion of the Earth that supports living things Ex: ocean, forest, atmosphere. Abiotic vs. Biotic factors.

benjamin
Télécharger la présentation

Principles of Ecology

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Principles of Ecology Unit 2Chapter 2

  2. What is ecology? • Ecology: study of interactions that take place between organisms and their environment

  3. Biosphere • the portion of the Earth that supports living things • Ex: ocean, forest, atmosphere.

  4. Abiotic vs. Biotic factors • Abiotic = nonliving parts of the environment • Ex: light, air, temperature, soil • Biotic = living parts of the environment • Ex: bacteria, protist, fungus, plant, animal

  5. Levels of organization from smallest to largest • Individual • Population • Community • Ecosystem

  6. Individual • made of cells, uses energy, reproduces, responds, grows, and develops

  7. Population • group of organisms all of the same species, which interbreed and live in the same area at the same time

  8. Community • interacting populations in a certain area at a certain time

  9. Ecosystem • interacting communities and abiotic factors

  10. Habitat vs. Niche • Habitat: place where organism lives • Niche: role or position a species has in its environment

  11. Habitats are capable of changing. What can lead to changes in habitats?

  12. Symbiosis: interactions between two species • Mutualism: both benefits • Commensalism: one benefits, the other unaffected • Parasitism: one benefits, one is harmed

  13. Mutualism Clownfish is protected, while providing a lure for the anemone. Some say that this relationship can be commensalistic.

  14. Commensalism Volcano sponge using the crinoid sponge as a “lift” for increased filtration but the crinoid sponge is unaffected.

  15. Parasitism Head lice

  16. How organisms obtain energy • Autotroph (producer): photosynthetic or chemosynthetic, makes own food • Heterotroph (consumer): “eat” other organisms, cannot make own food • Decomposer: breaks down dead or decaying organisms, recycles matter

  17. Autotroph

  18. Heterotrophs - scavengers • Scavengers: feed off of dead or decaying living things but do not recycle matter back into the ecosystem

  19. Heterotrophs - herbivores • consume only vegetative matter • mostly primary consumers.

  20. Heterotrophs - carnivores • obtain energy from eating other consumers • Secondary and tertiary consumers

  21. Decomposers Typical examples: fungus and bacteria

  22. Food chain • shows how matter and energy move through an ecosystem (one route) berries → mice → black bear

  23. Food web • shows interactions between organisms (all possible routes)

  24. Energy pyramid Pyramid of Energy Heat 0.1% Consumers 1% Consumers Heat • Shows how much energy is available at each trophic (energy) level 10% Consumers Heat Heat Parasites, scavengers, and decomposers feed at each level.

  25. Autotrophs Third-order heterotrophs Second-order heterotrophs First-order heterotrophs Decomposers

  26. Four cycles in nature • Water cycle • Carbon cycle • Nitrogen cycle • Phosphorus cycle

  27. Water cycle

  28. Carbon cycle

  29. Nitrogen cycle

  30. Phosphorus cycle

More Related