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Ch. 18 The Knee

Ch. 18 The Knee. Objectives. Describe the functions of the knee Describe the ligament structure of the knee Explain the function of the patellofemoral joint List and define various sports-related injuries of the knee. Bones. Femur Medial and lateral condyles Tibia Tibia plateau

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Ch. 18 The Knee

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  1. Ch. 18 The Knee

  2. Objectives • Describe the functions of the knee • Describe the ligament structure of the knee • Explain the function of the patellofemoral joint • List and define various sports-related injuries of the knee

  3. Bones • Femur • Medial and lateral condyles • Tibia • Tibia plateau • Patella • Largest sesamoid bone in the body

  4. Joints • Tibiofemoral joint is a hinge joint composed of a joint capsule and several ligaments • Main motions are flexion and extension • Patellofemoral joint is the articulation between the patella and femur • Gives greater mechanical advantage in knee extension • Increases quadriceps force by 33% to 50%

  5. Cartilage • Articular cartilage covers ends of both tibia and femur • Menisci are located between femoral condyle and tibial plateau • Shock absorption, force distribution, improve stability • Synovial membrane and fluid

  6. Collateral Ligaments • Medial collateral ligament (MCL) • Attaches femur to tibia • Lateral collateral ligament (LCL) • Attaches femur to fibula • Provides medial and lateral stability of the knee

  7. Cruciate Ligaments • ‘Cruciate’ means cross • Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) • restricts anterior translation of tibia • Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) • restricts posterior translation of tibia • Both control rotation and help with stability

  8. Muscles • Quadriceps • Vastusmedialis • Vastuslateralis • Vastusintermedius • Rectus femoris • Powerful knee extensor • Forms patella tendon which attaches to tibia at tibial tubercle

  9. Muscles • Hamstrings • Biceps femoris • Semimembranosus • Semitendinosus • Activated during knee flexion • Semitendinosus tendon used during ACL repair

  10. Muscles • Pes Anserine-assist with knee flexion • Sartorius • Gracilis • Semitendinosus • Sartorius is the longest muscle in the body

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