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The Rise and Expansion of the Ottoman Empire

This section explores the emergence and dominance of the Ottoman Empire, initiated by Osman and fueled by dedicated Ghazis. Key figures like Mehmed II, known as "The Conqueror," transformed Constantinople into Istanbul, welcoming diverse cultures. Under rulers like Selim the Grim and Suleyman the Lawgiver, the empire expanded dramatically, becoming a center of governance, culture, and military might. The period witnessed cultural blending, military innovations, and civil reforms, though it also faced decline due to internal strife and oppressive governance.

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The Rise and Expansion of the Ottoman Empire

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  1. Ch. 18 The Muslim World Expands

  2. Section 1 The Ottomans Build a Vast Empire

  3. Turks Move into Byzantium • Ghazis • Warriors for islam • Leader/commander • Emir • Formed military societies • Strict Islamic code of conduct

  4. Turks Move into Byzantium • Osman • Most successful ghazi • Called Othman by westerners • Ottoman • Followers • Built small Muslim state in Anatolia

  5. Turks Move into Byzantium • Timur the Lame • From Samarkand(Central Asia) • Interrupted the rise of the Ottoman empire • Ruthless warrior/conqueror

  6. Powerful Sultans Spur Dramatic Expansion • Mehmed II • Took Constantinople w/ cannons • Now call Mehmed the Conqueror • Talented ruler • brilliant warrior • Opened Constantinople to new people w/ many religions and backgrounds • Rebuilt the city; called it Istanbul

  7. Powerful Sultans Spur Dramatic Expansion • Selim the Grim • Moved through Syria, Palestine and North Africa • Accountable for Mecca and Medina • Aquired Cairo (intellectual center of the Muslim world)

  8. Suleyman the Lawgiver • Ottoman Empire • Reached it’s peak under Suleyman • Suleyman the magnificent • How westerners referred to him • Great military leader

  9. Suleyman the Lawgiver • Social organization • Simplified and limited taxes • Systematized and reduced government bureaucracy

  10. Suleyman the Lawgiver • Social organization • Devshirme • Army uses devshirme—drafts boys from conquered lands • Trains 30,000 elite soldiers—janissaries—loyal only to the sultan • Disciplined • Heart of the Ottoman war machine

  11. Suleyman the Lawgiver • Social organization • Communities • Millets (nations) • System kept conflict among people of various religions to a minimum

  12. Suleyman the Lawgiver • Cultural Flowering • Suleyman’s broad interests lead to flourishing of arts, learning • Painters and poets • Looked to Persia and Arabia for models • Work used foreign influences to express original Ottoman ideas in Turkish styles

  13. Suleyman the Lawgiver • Empire Declines Slowly • Suleyman kills one son and exiles another • Third son inherits throne but rules weakly

  14. Section 2 Cultural Blending

  15. Cultural Blending What is it? Causes: Results:

  16. Safavids • Members of an Islamic religious brotherhood • Isma’il • Shi’a warrior • Began to seize most of what is now Iran

  17. Safavids • Isma’il • Took the title of Shah • recognized Shi’a Islam as the state religion • Enraged the Ottomans • Destroyed the Sunni population of Baghdad

  18. Safavid Golden Age • Reformed aspects of military and civilian life • Encouraged cultural blending • Established relations with European nations • Summoned artisans to the Safavid Empire • Industry and art thrived

  19. Safavid Golden Age • Encouraged cultural blending • Artistic collaborations • Gave rise to beautiful artwork that decorated places in Isfahan • Persian carpets • Vital result of Western influence on the Safavids • High demand

  20. Decline of the Dynasty

  21. The Mughal Empire in India Section 3

  22. Early History of the Mughals • Babur • Inherited a kingdom • Area around Uzbekistan and Tajikistan • Taken away by elders; moved south

  23. Akbar’s Golden Age • Akbar (Great) • Babur’s grandson • Powerful military and political leader • combined a land of more than 100 million people • More than most of Europe shared

  24. Akbar’s Golden Age • Akbar • Muslim • Continued the Islamic tradition of religious freedom • Arts, architecture, and literature flourished

  25. Aurangzeb’s Reign • Mughal holding expanded to their greatest size • Oppressive ruler; levied high taxes • Many died from famine while he waged war • Lead to his demise • Intolerant of non-Muslim religions

  26. Decline of the Dynasty

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