Understanding Bacteria: Archaebacteria and Eubacteria Types and Identification
Explore the fascinating world of bacteria, focusing on two main kingdoms: Archaebacteria and Eubacteria. Archaebacteria are the first bacteria, thriving in extreme environments, including methane-producers in oxygen-free settings and salt-loving species in high-salinity waters. In contrast, Eubacteria inhabit more hospitable environments, with some functioning as heterotrophs and others as autotrophs, such as Cyanobacteria. Learn about bacterial identification through Gram staining, where shapes and arrangements—cocci, bacilli, and spirilla—play crucial roles in classification and antibiotic response.
Understanding Bacteria: Archaebacteria and Eubacteria Types and Identification
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Presentation Transcript
Archaebacteria and Eubacteria • Archaebacteria- kingdom of first bacteria • Are prokaryotic • Have no membrane bound nucleus • Have no organelles • Three types: • 1. live in oxygen free environment • Produce methane gas • Live in marshes, lakes and digestive tract of animals • Play big role in sewage breakdown in sewage plants
Archaebacteria continued • 2. live in water with high concentration of salt • Like in Utah’s Great Salt Lake and the Middle East’s dead sea • 3. live in acidic waters of sulfur springs. • Thrive near cracks deep in the Pacific Ocean floor • Are the producers for a unique underwater community
Eubacteria • 2nd kingdom of prokaryotes • Includes bacteria that live in a more hospitable environment • Eubacteria live almost everywhere • Some are heterotrophs – eat things for nutrients • Others are autotrophs- make their own food by photosynthesis • Cyanobacteria • Contain chlorophyll to trap sunlight • Live in ponds and are in long chains • Eg. Anabaena
A third type of eubacteria • Yet another type are those that are chemosynthetic • Use chemicals as energy source to make food instead of sunlight. • Import to farmers! Can turn atmospheric nitrogen into nitrogen usable to plants • Found on the roots of legumes (soy beans)
Identifying bacteria • Gram staining • Procedure that classifies bacteria as either gram + or gram – • Gram + bacteria stain purple • Gram – bacteria stain pink • Each type responds differently to different antibiotics • Substance that kills bacteria (anti- against… biotic- life) • Doctors must know what type of bacteria you are infected with to prescribe an effective antibiotic
Identifying bacteria • Shape is also used to identify bacteria • Three basic shapes: • Round (cocci) • Rod shaped (bacillus) • Spiral (spirillum) • Some have prefixes to describe their shape • Diplo- refers to paired arrangement • Staphylo- refers to an arrangement that resembles grapes • Strepto- refers to an arrangement of chains of cells
