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RNA

RNA. Chapter 10.2. Structure of RNA. Ribose - the sugar molecule of every RNA nucleotide Uracil - nitrogen-containing pyrimidine base (replaces thymine) Uracil pairs with adenine in RNA. Types of RNA. Messenger RNA (mRNA) - consists of RNA nucleotides in the form of a single uncoiled chain

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RNA

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  1. RNA Chapter 10.2

  2. Structure of RNA • Ribose- the sugar molecule of every RNA nucleotide • Uracil- nitrogen-containing pyrimidine base (replaces thymine) • Uracil pairs with adenine in RNA

  3. Types of RNA • Messenger RNA (mRNA)- consists of RNA nucleotides in the form of a single uncoiled chain • Carries genetic information from DNA in the nucleus to the cytosol

  4. Transfer RNA (tRNA)- consists of a single chain of about 80 RNA nucleotides in a hairpin shape • Binds to specific amino acids • 45 varieties

  5. Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)- most abundant form of RNA • Consists of globular RNA nucleotides • Makes up the ribosomes where proteins are made

  6. Transcription • Transcription- the process by which genetic information is copied from DNA to RNA • RNA polymerase binds to the promoter of a specific gene • A complimentary copy of the DNA base sequence is made

  7. Steps of Transcription • RNA polymerase- the primary transcription enzyme • Synthesizes RNA copies of specific sequences of DNA

  8. Promoters- specific regions of DNA where RNA polymerase binds to Marks the beginning of a single gene When RNA polymerase binds to DNA, the DNA separates and one side acts as a template

  9. Termination signal- a specific sequence of nucleotides that marks the end of a gene • At a termination signal, RNA polymerase releases the DNA and the newly formed RNA molecule

  10. Products of Transcription • Transcripts- the different types of RNA molecules • Instructions for making a protein are copied from DNA to mRNA

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