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Giardia lamblia Trichomonas vaginalis

Giardia lamblia Trichomonas vaginalis. Giardia lamblia. Intestinal flagellate. lives in duodenum and jejunum. Giardiasis, diarrhea in man. 1. Morphology and life cycle. Two stages: Trophozoite and cyst. 1.1 Trophozoite.

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Giardia lamblia Trichomonas vaginalis

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  1. Giardia lamblia Trichomonas vaginalis

  2. Giardialamblia Intestinal flagellate lives in duodenum and jejunum Giardiasis, diarrhea in man

  3. 1. Morphology and life cycle Two stages: Trophozoite and cyst 1.1 Trophozoite Pear-shaped, a sucking disc, bilaterally symmetrical, with two nuclei, two axosatyle, two median bodies, four pairs of flagella (motile).

  4. Dorsal surface is convex, ventral surface is concave With a broad rounded anterior end and a tapering posterior end Nuclei Sucker Median body Front side flagella Behind side flagella ventral flagella Tail flagella Ventral surface Lateral surface

  5. 1.2 Cyst Oval in shape Thick cyst wall and cytoplasma The immature Cysts have two Nuclei.

  6. The mature cysts have four nuclei. The mature cyst is the infective stage of Giardia lamblia. The mature cysts have strong resistance to the environment. Mature cyst

  7. A single host: the man. Two stages: Trophozoite and cyst Four nucleated mature cyst is the infective form. Trophozoites browse on the mucosal surface by an oval sucker, multiplied asexually by binary fission.

  8. 1.3 Life cycle of Giardia lamblia Multiplied by binary fission Contaminate water and food Outside Trophozoites Diarrhea Cysts Outside Mature Cysts Trophozoites The lower portion of ileum or colon Duodenum, upper ileum, gall bladder Stool

  9. 2. Pathogenesis and symptoms G. lamblia inhabits in the duodenum and upper ileum Trophozoites are attached to the mucosa surface by sucker, reproduced by binary fission Histology: shortening of microvilli, elongation of crypts, and damaging the brush border of the absorptive cells Mechanical blockage of the intestinal mucosa, competition for nutrients, inflammation Diarrhea, abdominal pain, bloating, nausea, and vomiting

  10. 3. Diagnosis 3.1 Microscopic examination (1) Fecal examination Water-like feces: trophozoites Formed feces: cysts (2) Duodenal fluid or bile examination (3) Intestinal examination by gelatin capsule

  11. 3. Diagnosis 3.2 Immunological diagnosis ELISA: enzyme-linked immunosoebent assay IFA: indirect fluorescent antibody

  12. Trichomonas vaginalisDonne1837 Trichomonas vaginalis inhabits in the vagina of women, urethra in both sex, and prostate of men. Trichomonas vaginalis is the causative organism of Trichomonas vaginitis or Trichomonas urethritis.

  13. 1. Morphology and life cycle 1.1 Trophozoite Pear-shaped and actively motile, 14-17 µm X 5-15 µm. Four anterior flagella A single nucleus Axostyle An undulating membrane

  14. Four anterior flagella The single lateral flagellum (the undulating membrane

  15. 1.2 Life cycle Only trophozoite stage in life cycle. Women: vagina and urethra Trophozoites Men: urethra or prostate, testes, epididymis The infection is acquired by sexual activityor some indirect ways

  16. Only trophozoites in life cycle, no cyst stage The infective stageistrophozoite The trophozoites multiply by binary fission

  17. 2. Pathogenesis and Symptoms The pathogenic ability has close relationship with T. vaginalis strains and host’s physical state. The vaginal secretions, pH 3.8-4.4 Women under normal condition Non-pathogenic Control the growth and reproduction of the parasites

  18. Women under some conditions (during pregnancy, menses, etc. Reduction in acidity of vagina The trophozoites multiply by binary fission Mild to severe vaginitis, with copious foul-smelling discharge, associated with burning and itching.The vaginal mucosa is sometimes diffusely hyperemic with red punctuate lesions. Frequency of urination and dysuriaare the commonest associated symptoms;cystitismay occur in a small portion of the cases.

  19. Trichomonas vaginalishas been isolated from the respiratory tractwith respiratory disease Asymptomatic carriers Male infection When the infection involves the prostate and seminal vesicles or higher parts of urogenital tract, a thin discharge, frequently containing Trichomonas, with dysuriaand nocturia. The prostate may be enlarged and tender, associated epididymitis

  20. 3. Diagnosis Demonstrating trophozoites In women: vaginal discharge In the male: urethral discharge , prostates secretions, centrifuged urine. Methods: direct smear or culture

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