Properties of Matter

1. Properties of Matter Mr. Monson’s Science Class

2. What is Matter? Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space

3. Matter & volume • All matter takes up space • Amount of space taken up is the object’s Volume

4. Liquid Volume • Liters (L) & milliliters (mL) are the units used most to express liquid volume • Liquid from a raindrop to an entire ocean can be expressed in these units

5. Graduated Cylinder is used to measure liquid volume Measuring Liquid Volume

6. Surface of any liquid is curved Curved surface is called MENISCUS

7. Measuring Liquid Volume . . . To measure volume of most liquids including water . . . Use the bottom of the meniscus Meniscus in larger containers look flat – harder to see

8. Volume of Regularly Shaped Objects • Volume of regularly shaped object is always expressed in cubic units • Cubic means: having 3 dimensions • In Science they measure in: cubic meters (m3) or cubic centimeters (cm3) Which unit would you measure large objects?

9. Volume of Regularly Shaped Objects . . . • To find the volume of a cube or rectangle use the following formula: Volume = length X width X height V = l X w x h

10. Volume of Irregularly Shaped Objects • Formula for a cube won’t find accurate volume for irregular shaped objects • Can measure the volume by using water displacement for measurement

11. Volume of Irregularly Shaped Objects *** Remember 1 cm3 = 1mL *** • Express the displacement of the solid in cm3only • Solids are never, ever never expressed in L or mL • example: the rock displaced 80 mL of water so its volume is 80 cm3

12. Matter and Mass • Mass – the amount of matter in an object • Example: • Human and a peanut • Both made of matter • But the human is larger and therefore has more mass

13. Matter and Mass . . . • Mass is the same no matter where in the universe you are • Only way to change the mass is to change the amount of matter making up an object

14. Mass v. Weight

15. Inertia The ability of an object to resist change in motion. Which of the two Below has more inertia?

16. Application of Inertia

17. Mass: The Measure of Intertia The more mass an object has the harder it is to change motion. Which of the two would be harder to move?

18. Physical Properties • Can be observed/measured without having to change the matters identity.

19. Identify Matter • Physical Properties help identify Matter? • How can you tell if you socks are clean? • How can you tell the difference between an apple and an orange? • How can you tell if the stove is on?

20. Density • Relationship between Mass and Volume • Volume= matter in a given space • Something will be more Dense if it has more Volume in a given Space • Which of the two is more dense?

21. Liquid Layers http://www.sciencewithmrmilstid.com/wpcontent/uploads/liquiddensity.jpg • Density Affects Liquids. • If two liquids are put in the same glass. The Denser Liquid will go to the bottom and the less dense liquid will settle on top.

22. Density in Solids

23. Solving for Density • Density (D) is equal to an objects Mass (M)g divided by its Volume (V) cm3 • D=M /V • So if an Objects Mass is 8g and its Volume is 2 cm3 • D=8g/2 cm3 • So D=4 g/cm3 • Now you try one an objects Mass is 12 g and its Volume is 3 cm3. What is its Density?

24. Density as an Identifier Each substance has a different Density.

25. Physical Changes Change affects physical Properties but does not change the substance itself

26. Chemical Properties • Describe Matter on its ability to change into new matter. Two common Chemical Properties are: • Flammability=Ability of Substance to Burn • Reactivity = ability of two or more substances to combine and form new substances

27. Physical v. Chemical Properties

28. Characteristic Properties Properties, either Physical or Chemical, that Never Change. Examples:

29. Chemical Changes When one or more substances are changed into something new Chemical properties of a substance foreshadow when a change will occur.

30. Process of Chemical Change

31. Signs of Chemical Change Change in Odor Fizzing or Foaming Sound or light being giving off Production of Heat

32. Matter and Chemical Changes • It is very difficult to reverse a Chemical Change • Has to be done by a series of Chemical Changes.

33. Physical v. Chemical Changes If it has been a Chemical Change the composition of the substance will have changed.

34. Reversing Changes Physical Changes are easier to reverse because there was no change in composition Chemical Changes are harder to reverse because of changes in composition.

35. References • http://www.rocks-rock.com/arkose.jpg 10/06/09 • http://recessionmama.files.wordpress.com/2009/05/wedding-cake-designs.jpg 10/06/09 • http://www.sxc.hu/pic/m/h/hu/huibidos/1093986_fire_flames.jpg 10/06/09 • http://yourkidmatters.com/images/glow-sticks.jpg 10/06/09 • http://people.bath.ac.uk/ch3mw/photo3.gif 10/06/09 • http://morrisonlabs.com/images/volumexamples/meniscus1.jpg 10/06/09 • http://www-personal.umich.edu/~kubarych/Kubarych_Group/Exchange_files/shapeimage_1.png 10/06/09 • http://www.pearsonsuccessnet.com/ebook/products/0-13-190443-4/che00463c05.gif 10/06/09 • http://www.travelphoto.net/photos/pictures/australia/i30.jpg 10/06/09 • http://www.sciencewithmrmilstid.com/wpcontent/uploads/liquiddensity.jpg 10/06/09