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Understanding Properties of Matter: Physical and Chemical Changes

Explore the characteristics of materials that can be observed without altering composition. Learn about physical and chemical changes, including ductility, hardness, and odor. Discover how to identify matter based on properties.

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Understanding Properties of Matter: Physical and Chemical Changes

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  1. Properties of Matter

  2. Physical Property Chemical Property characteristic of a material than can be observed or measured without changing the composition of the material a property that produces a change in the composition of matter Physical Change Chemical Change a change that occurs when some property of the material changes, but the composition stays the same change that occurs when a substance reacts and forms one or more new substances

  3. ductility hardness odor Viscosity Physical malleability conductivity Properties density boiling point color melting point

  4. Melting and Freezing – Physical Changes Changes in state even though the appearance of the substance changes – the substance is still chemically the same Changes in state are also called phase changes.

  5. viscosity – the resistance to flow (thickness) • syrup is more viscous than water • malleability – the ability to be shaped with a hammer • aluminum is malleable, sulfur is not • ductility – the ability to be drawn into wires • copper is very ductile

  6. Chemical Properties • Flammability – does the material have the ability to burn (combustion) • Reactivity – does the material readily combine chemically with other substances • explosive – is the substance explosive

  7. Indicators of Chemical Change 1) A change in color 2) Production of a gas 3) Formation of a precipitate 4) Temperature change

  8. Using Physical Properties to Identify Matter • First decide what property to test • with minerals sometimes use hardness • Second is to do the test on the unknown • 3rd and final step – compare results with data from known materials

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