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E.O. 1 Review

E.O. 1 Review. Patterns of Development. Neolithic= tools, domestication of animals River valley civilizations v. other early civilizations Urbanization Agriculture Ceramics Social stratification Bronze Age= new technology, tools. Early Civilizations. Mesopotamia. 1 st city-state

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E.O. 1 Review

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  1. E.O. 1 Review

  2. Patterns of Development • Neolithic= tools, domestication of animals • River valley civilizations v. other early civilizations • Urbanization • Agriculture • Ceramics • Social stratification • Bronze Age= new technology, tools

  3. Early Civilizations

  4. Mesopotamia • 1st city-state • Fertile Crescent • Inter-tribal warfare • Sumer • Writing, commerce • Epic of Gilgamesh • Conquered by Hammurabi • Trade to Indus Valley • Ziggurats

  5. Egypt • Rule by pharaohs • Based on Nile River • Cereal agriculture • Rule by pharaohs • Cities with differing roles

  6. Mesoamerica • Cosmo-magical cities • Religious shrines at center • PopulVuhMayan creation myth • Use of pack animals • Irrigation systems

  7. Africa • Much later than other civilizations • Iron smelting result of diffusion • Bantu migrations through southern Africa • Jenne-jeno earliest urban settlement in West Africa • Believed to develop by innovation • No social hierarchy or government structure evident

  8. Indus Valley • Harappa developed independently • Cannot decipher known sources • Traded with Mesopotamia • Ended for unknown reasons

  9. Early Empires

  10. Greece • Independent city-states • Joined together at various points • Delian League to defeat Persia • Athens control of League sparked Peloponnesian War with Sparta • Sparta won • Athens as mini-empire • Center of democracy • City structure • Government organization • United under Philip II of Macedon, expanded under ATG • Furthest extent of Greek empire spread Hellenism • ATGs troops mutinied in India

  11. India • Caste system for social hierarchy • Mauryan Empire • United under Chandragupta Maurya • Furthest extent under Asoka • Asoka’s empire- time of peace; rock edicts • Gupta Empire • Under Chandra Gupta I • Heartland of India (no expansion past subcontinent) • Fall to outside invasion by Hunas • Hunas end imperial rule and unity of India • Hinduism spread • Angkor Wat- to Vishnu

  12. China • Dynasties all start as regional dynasties • Silk Road • Mandate of Heaven • Qin Dynasty • Great Wall • Han Dynasty • Confucian, scholar-run government • Grand Canal • Population north to south • “People of Han”

  13. Rome • Citizenship • Patron-client relationship; gender relations • Bread and circuses • Armies from conquered regions • Barbarians • Fall for many reasons • Byzantine empire in the east

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