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Understanding Development: Economic, Social, and Demographic Indicators Across Countries

This chapter explores the concept of development in human geography, focusing on the improvement of material conditions through knowledge and technology diffusion. It distinguishes between more developed countries (MDCs) and less developed countries (LDCs), providing insight into why development varies globally. Key indicators are discussed, including economic factors like GDP per capita, social aspects such as literacy and education levels, and demographic indicators like life expectancy. These elements collectively shape the Human Development Index (HDI), highlighting the disparities and trends in global development.

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Understanding Development: Economic, Social, and Demographic Indicators Across Countries

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Chapter 9: Development The Cultural Landscape: An Introduction to Human Geography

  2. Development • The process of improving the material conditions of people through the diffusion of knowledge and technology • More developed countries (MDCs) • AKA developed countries • Lesser developed countries (LDCs) • AKA emerging or developing countries

  3. Why Does Development Vary Between Countries? • Economic indicators of development • The Human Development Index (HDI) • Four factors used to assess a country’s level of development: • Economic = (1) gross domestic product (GDP) per capita • Social = (2) literacy and (3) amount of education • Demographic = (4) life expectancy

  4. Human Development Index Figure 9-1

  5. Why Does Development Vary Among Countries? • Economic indicators of development • Types of jobs • Primary sector • Secondary sector • Tertiary sector • Productivity • Measured by the value added per capita • MDCs are more productive than LDCs • Consumer goods

  6. Motor Vehicles Per 1,000 Persons Figure 9-4

  7. Why Does Development Vary Among Countries? • Social indicators of development • Education and literacy • The literacy rate • Health and welfare • Diet (adequate calories) • Access to health care

  8. Students Per Teacher, Primary School Figure 9-6

  9. Why Does Development Vary Among Countries? • Demographic indicators of development • Life expectancy • Babies born today in MDCs have a life expectancy in the 70s; babies born in LDCs, in the 60s • Other demographic indicators: • Infant mortality • Natural increase • Crude birth rate

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