1. BIOFUELS AS AN ALTERNATE FUEL THE INDIAN SCENARIO

2. Biofuels are … • Alternate fuels produced from Biomass resources • Biomass is the oldest source of energy, currently account for 10% of primary energy consumption • Biomass is a sustainable and environment friendly feedstock that contributes significantly to a diverse energy portfolio

3. Global Status of biofuel production 83 billion litre 1.5% of global transport fuel consumption 4 Fold increase 2000 2008 Year IEA 2010

4. The Biofuel Generations • Biobutanol • Bio-hydrogen • Green Diesel • Biomethyl furan • Bio-dimethyl ether • Cutting edge technologies – require R&D intervention NextGeneration • Lignocellulosic ethanol • Algal Biofuels • Many at Pilot plant or demonstration stage Second Generation • Biodiesel from Jatropha • Bioethanol from Molasses • Established technology, already commercialized First Generation

5. National Status of Biofuel • In India oil production and consumption graph over the last two decades shows exponential increase of net import • Biofuel Production 2008 • 1.08 b. litre of ethanol • 0.24 b. litre of biodiesel (IEA Market Report 2009)

6. The Potential in India for Biofuels DBT-CII Report 2010

7. National Biofuel Policy • Goal • To ensure that a minimum level of biofuels become available to meet the demand. • Target • 20% blending of biofuels by 2017

8. Research Priorities • Feed stock Development and Improvement • Improved Production Technologies • Biorefinery based fuels and biochemicals • Algal Biofuel • Synthetic Biofuel

9. Major Biofuels being researched upon

10. R & D Intervention

12. R&D Efforts – Agencies involved • Ministry of Agriculture – Indian Council of Agricultural Research • Ministry of Defence – Defence Research Development Organization • Ministry of New & Renewable Energy (MNRE) • Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas – Indian Oil Corporation • Ministry of Science & Technology • Council of Scientific & Industrial Research • Department of Biotechnology • Department of Science & Technology

13. DBT’s Energy Bioscience Program Vision To make available, economically viable alternative fuel from Biomass to meet the energy deficit and national targets of biofuel blending

14. Goals and Targets Ethanol from cellulosic biomass by 2012 (agricultural and forestry waste) Biodiesel from varied feed stocks Harness optimally the energy potential of all natural resources for conversion to alternative fuel Create alternative second generation biofuels through synthetic biology

15. National Programme on Energy Biosciences Bioethanol • Re-engineered feed stock • Re-engineered microorganisms • Process optimization Algal Biofuel • Collection and characterization • Establishment of repositories • Development of production system Capacity Building Energy Bioscience Centre • Energy Bioscience Chairs • Energy Bioscience Overseas Fellowships Biodiesel • Quality planting material • Improved feed stock • Process optimization Next generation Biofuels • Biohydrogen • Biobutanol • Synthetic biology More than 53 research institutes, universities and industries involved

16. DBT- ICT Centre for Energy Biosciences India’s first National Bioenergy Research Centre Multidisciplinary Centre withstate-of-the-art facility for high tech R&D in enzyme technology; fermentation and bioprocess technology microbial genomics, proteomics, metabolomics • Achievements in first year of operation • Competitive Cellulosic Ethanol technology developed with rice/wheat straw; bagasse; and cotton stalk • First Pilot Plant based on ICT Technology for 10 ton biomass/day being put up by India Glycols Ltd. at Kashipur, Uttarakhand – To be operational by mid-2010 16

17. Ethanol from Cellulosic Biomass – Biotechnological Interventions Cellulosic Biomass Forestry and Agriculture Waste (Prosopis, Lantana , Sweet sorghum, Agriculture waste) Pretreatment Interventions Barriers  Reduce cost of cellulase enzymes  Combination of both enzymatic and biological system  Develop efficient biological system • Hydrolysis • Chemical • Enzymatic • Biological Acid Hydrolysis expensive •  Recombinant microorganisms • Thermotolerant • Can hydrolyse both hexose and pentose sugar •  Generate biocatalyst for bioconversion of hemicellulosic sugar to products Simultaneous saccharification & fermentation Fermentation Purification / Distillation Ethanol Waste water

18. Production of Jatropha Quality Material – Current Strategy Selection of Superior material Yield 2t/ha Oil content 30-35% Oil quality Seed Testing Quality material Conservation Documentation & Characterization Morphological Molecular chemical Clonal Nurseries Passport data accession number Mother stock for large plantation Multi locational Agroclimatic trials Supply to State/ Forest/Nursery for further bulking

19. Multi-location trials of Jatropha across the country • First systematic study for morphological, chemical and molecular characterization of germplasm • 400 accessions bulked to raise 17 lakh quality plants

20. Feed stock improvement R&D supported for plant improvement – oil quality, content, yield, biotic and abiotic stress Gene prospecting for increased oil synthesis Metabolic engineering of oil biosynthesis pathway Molecular markers for marker aided selection Pongamia, Mahua and Castor also being tested as potential feedstock

21. Algal Biofuels A National Network involving 12 Laboratories 8 Collection and characterization Centres • 3 Centres for developing Production Systems • Photo bioreactor • Race way pond • Open Sea • R&D for Strain improvement • Increased Lipid • Increased Biomass Analytical Centre • 3 Repositories • Cyanobacteria • Marine Algae • Fresh water Algae

22. Next Generation Fuels Butanol DMF Biohydrogen Diesel Biomethanol Bio-DME Biohydrogen

23. DBT-CII Study an estimate of energy and carbon balance

24. Capacity Building • National Chairs for scientists of eminence • National Energy Bioscience fellowships for Re-entry • Niche area Overseas fellowship • Ph.D and post doctoral fellowship at the Centers of Excellence • Specialized short term training programmes in the identified areas • Industrial trainings

25. In Conclusion • Biofuels offer enormous potential • Time bound, coordinated efforts will be essential to exploit this potential optimally