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The Mysterious Nucleus

This article delves into the intriguing question of why some atomic nuclei are stable while others are not. It explains the four fundamental forces—gravitation, electromagnetism, weak nuclear, and strong nuclear—and how they interact with elementary particles. The role of leptons, hadrons, and quarks in nuclear interactions is discussed, explaining their behaviors and relationships. Special focus is given to neutron decay, proton stability, and the complexities involved in building a nucleus through concepts like strong interaction and quantum crowding.

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The Mysterious Nucleus

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  1. … why some nuclei are stable and others are not The Mysterious Nucleus

  2. Four Forces… • Gravitation • Electromagnetism • Weak Nuclear • Strong Nuclear Long range Short range

  3. leptons Elementary particles – do not interact via strong force Come in 6 flavours. Leptons are: electron, electron-neutrino, muon, muon-neutrino, tau, tau-neutrino hadrons Hadrons can interact via all forces and are composed of quarks. Examples: baryons are 3-quark combinations, mesons are 2-quark combos (example: neutron is udd)‏ quarks u(+2/3)‏ d(-1/3)‏ c(+2/3)‏ s (-1/3)‏ t(+2/3)‏ b (-1/3)‏ What is “stuff” made of?

  4. Neutrons don't live long in the wild! udd uud e n p W- n The weak interaction converts a neutron down-quark into an up quark

  5. Neutron decay, proton decay and nuclear stability…

  6. How to Build a Nucleus • Strong interaction • Electrostatic repulsion • “quantum crowding” – Asymmetry

  7. Using the particle-in-a-box model…

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