1 / 10

The Nucleus

The Nucleus. By Meredith Derecho, Elizabeth Eyermann , and Hannah Woolf. Source 3. Key Facts About Nuclei. “The nucleus is the genetic control center of a eukaryotic cell” (Source 5) Only eukaryotic cells have a nucleus—prokaryotic cells do not. Source 5.

arvin
Télécharger la présentation

The Nucleus

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. The Nucleus By Meredith Derecho, Elizabeth Eyermann, and Hannah Woolf Source 3

  2. Key Facts About Nuclei • “The nucleus is the genetic control center of a eukaryotic cell” (Source 5) • Only eukaryotic cells have a nucleus—prokaryotic cells do not Source 5 • The word “nucleus” comes from the Latin word “nucula” meaning “little nut” (Source 6) • Some eukaryotic cells have multiple nuclei or none at all • The nucleus is near the center of the cell, and it takes up about 10% of a cell’s mass

  3. Structure of the Nucleus The nucleus has three main components: The Nuclear Envelope The Chromatin The Nucleolus Source 4

  4. The Nuclear Envelope • Double membrane structure made of phospholipids • Nuclear pores control the flow of materials • They allow building blocks of RNA and DNA molecules and energy sources to enter the nucleus Source 2 • Space between the layers is called the perinuclear space • This space connects with the rough endoplasmic reticulum • The inner layer of the double membrane, the nuclear lamina, is made of protein • The entire nuclear envelope disintegrates during mitosis and reforms as the new cells are created

  5. Chromatin and Chromosomes • Chromatin is made up of strings of DNA and histones • The strands come together to form chromosomes during mitosis • Heterochromatin and euchromatin are two classifications of chromatin • Heterochromatin is more condensed while euchromatin is delicate and less tightly packed • The six feet of DNA within the cell are stored as chromatin Source 7 An artist’s depiction of chromatin!

  6. The Nucleolus • The nucleolus is spherical, dense, and located in the middle of the nucleus • It produces ribosomal subunits, thus indirectly helping to synthesize proteins • GEMs (gemini of coiled bodies) are made by the nucleolus • Interchromatin granule clusters are also made by the nucleolus • It is visible when the cell is not being divided • The nucleolus may affect the senescence, or aging, of an organism Source 5 For more information about the nucleolus, see Josh, Callie, and Garrett’s project

  7. Major Functions of the Nucleus 1. Gene expression 2. Managing cellular reproduction Source 8

  8. DNA, RNA, and Gene Expression The Nucleus: Stores and regulates the DNA Uses transcription DNA to make the mRNA Processes the pre-mRNA through post-transcriptional modification Exports the mRNA to the ribosomes, where the mRNA becomes protein • Consequently, controlling gene expression allows the nucleus to manage cellular activities such as: • Intermediary metabolism • Protein synthesis • Growth • Cell compartmentalization • Mitosis • Nuclear transport Source 11 Source 12 DNA RNA

  9. The Nucleus’s Role in Cellular Reproduction • Mitosis is the process of cells dividing to create new cells • The nucleus must replicate all the cell’s genomic DNA • The DNA divides into two identical sets for mitosis to occur • The nucleus splits and forms two nuclei around each new set of DNA • That allows the cell to divide into two new identical cells The process of mitosis: Source 13

  10. 1. http://www.buzzle.com/articles/cell-nucleus-structure-and-functions.html Works Cited: Thanks to all our sources! 2. http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/animals/nucleus.html 3. http://www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/b-online/library/onlinebio/ 4. http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/nucleus/nucleus.html 5. http://library.thinkquest.org/ 6. http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=nucleus Thanks for watching our slideshow about the nucleus!  7. http://www.philipp-diesinger.de 8. glogster.com 9. ibiblio.org/virtualcell/textbook/chapter3/nucf.htm 10. micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/nucleus/nucleus.html 11. http://www.ichromatography.com 12. http://www.shutterstock.com/pic-1449081.html 13. http://allstrangledup.wordpress.com/ 14. Our lovely textbook! Campbell, et al. Biology: Concepts and Connections.

More Related