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Chapter 14

Chapter 14 Partnerships: Ownership Changes and Liquidation Chapter 14 Ownership changes Dissolution - the change in the relation of the partners caused by any partner ceasing to be associated in the carrying on as distinguished from the winding up of the business

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Chapter 14

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  1. Chapter 14 Partnerships: Ownership Changes and Liquidation Chapter 14

  2. Ownership changes Dissolution - the change in the relation of the partners caused by any partner ceasing to be associated in the carrying on as distinguished from the winding up of the business C14

  3. Ownership changes, continued Changes may suggest: • The existing assets of the original partnership should be revalued; • Previously unrecorded intangible assets exist that are traceable to the original partnership; and/or • Intangible assets, such as goodwill, exist that are traceable to a new partner C14

  4. Admission of a new partner Accomplished by either • A contribution of assets to an existing partnership • either the bonus or goodwill method of accounting is employed • A contribution of assets to an existing partner • generally a transfer of book values from one partner to another C14

  5. The value of assets contributed to an existing partnership • unrecognized appreciation on recorded net assets • and/or unrecognized goodwill May be in excess of that suggested by the book value of the original partnership’s net assets which suggests that the partnership may have C14

  6. The value of assets contributed to an existing partnership, continued • suggests unrecognized depreciation or write-downs on recorded net assets of the original partnership • and/or additional intangible assets being contributed by the incoming partner May be less than that suggested by the book value of the original partnership’s net assets C14

  7. Contribution of assets to an existing partnership • Bonus Method • Goodwill Method C14

  8. The bonus method Total capital of new partnership is: The book value of the previous partnership – Any write-downs in the value of the previous partnership’s net assets + The value of the consideration paid to the partnership by the incoming partner Note: only net asset write-downs (versus write-ups) are recognized C14

  9. The bonus method, continued • New partner’s initial capital balance equals the percent interest in the capital of the new partnership • Bonus may be either to old partners or the new partner • Bonus is allocated based on profit/loss percentages, not interest in capital percentages C14

  10. Bonus method:No asset write-down suggested Facts • A & B are original partners with a partnership net book value of $200,000 • Profit/loss percentages: A = 60%, B = 40% • C acquires 20% interest in capital for $70,000 cash C14

  11. Bonus method:No asset write-down suggested, continued Analysis • Value of new partnership suggested by incoming partner: $350,000 ($70,000  20%) • No asset write-down suggested [$350,000 > ($200,000 + $70,000)] • Book value of new partnership: $270,000 ($200,000 + $70,000) • C’s interest in new partnership: $54,000 (20%  $270,000) C14

  12. Bonus method:No asset write-down suggested, continued Journal Entry Cash 70,000 A, Capital 9,600 B, Capital 6,400 C, Capital 54,000 C14

  13. Bonus method:Asset write-down suggested Facts • A & B are original partners with a partnership net book value of $200,000 • Profit/loss percentages: A = 60%, B = 40% • C acquires 20% interest in capital for $42,000 cash C14

  14. Bonus method:Asset write-down suggested, continued Analysis • Value of new partnership suggested by incoming partner: $210,000 ($42,000  20%) • $32,000 asset write-down suggested ($210,000 – [$200,000 + $42,000]) C14

  15. Bonus method:Asset write-down suggested, continued • Book value of new partnership: $210,000 ($200,000 - $32,000 + $42,000) • C’s interest in new partnership: $42,000 (20%  $210,000) Analysis, concluded C14

  16. Bonus method:Asset write-down suggested, continued Journal Entries A, Capital 19,200 B, Capital 12,800 Net Assets 32,000 Cash 42,000 C, Capital 42,000 C14

  17. The goodwill method Total capital of new partnership is: The book value of the previous partnership Unrecognized appreciationor depreciation on the recorded net assets of the previous partnership + Unrecognized goodwill traceable to the previous partnership + The value of the consideration, both tangible and intangible, received from the new incoming partner C14

  18. The goodwill method, continued • Both net asset write-downs and write-ups are recorded • New partner’s initial capital balance equals the percent interest in the capital of the new partnership • Goodwill may be traceable to the original partners and/or the new partner C14

  19. Identifying and measuring goodwill traceable to the previous partnership 1. Calculate the value of the partnership suggested by the incoming partner (incoming partner’s contribution divided by the percent interest in capital acquired) 2. Adjust the book value of the original partnership for any unrecognized net asset appreciation or depreciation (continued . . .) C14

  20. Identifying and measuring goodwill traceable to the previous partnership (. . . continued) 3. Calculate adjusted book value of original partnership plus investment of new partner 4. If 1. above is greater than 3. above, goodwill exists and is traceable to the original partners 5. Goodwill is the difference between the value in 1. above and the value in 3. above C14

  21. Goodwill traceable to the previous partnership Facts • A and B are original partners with a partnership net book value of $200,000 • Recorded net assets have a fair value of $220,000 • Profit/loss percentages: A = 60%, B = 40% • C acquires 20% interest in capital for $70,000 cash C14

  22. Goodwill traceable to the previous partnership, continued Analysis. • Value of new partnership suggested by incoming partner: $350,000 ($70,000  20%) • $80,000 of unrecognized net asset appreciation and/or goodwill is suggested: ($350,000 - [$200,000 + $70,000]) C14

  23. Goodwill traceable to the previous partnership, continued Analysis, continued • The $80,000 is allocated • $20,000 ($200,000 vs. $220,000) to unrecorded net appreciation • $60,000 to goodwill C14

  24. Goodwill traceable to the previous partnership, continued Journal Entries Goodwill 60,000 Net Assets 20,000 A, Capital 48,000 B, Capital 32,000 Cash 70,000 C, Capital 70,000 C14

  25. Identifying and measuring goodwill traceable to the new partner 1. Calculate the value of the partnership suggested by the incoming partner (incoming partner’s contribution divided by the percent interest in capital acquired) 2. Adjust the book value of the original partnership for any unrecognized net asset appreciation or depreciation (continued . . .) C14

  26. Identifying and measuring goodwill traceable to the new partner, continued 3. Calculate adjusted book value of original partnership plus investment of new partner 4. If 1. above is less than 3. above, then goodwill exists and is traceable to the new partner (continued . . .) C14

  27. Identifying and measuring goodwill traceable to the new partner, continued • 5. Goodwill is the difference between • a) The amount that should have been paid by the new partner, as indicated by the adjusted book value of the previous partnership [(adjusted book value of the original partnership  total percentage interest of the original partners in the new partnership) – the adjusted book value] and • b) The amount actually paid by the new partner C14

  28. Goodwill traceable to the new partner Facts • A and B are original partners with a partnership net book value of $200,000 • Recorded net assets have a fair value of $220,000 • Profit/loss percentages: A = 60%, B = 40% • C acquires 20% interest in capital for $45,000 cash C14

  29. Goodwill traceable to the new partner, continued Analysis • Value of new partnership suggested by incoming partner: $225,000 ($45,000  20%) • Unrecognized net asset appreciation traceable to original partners: $20,000 ($220,000 - $200,000) C14

  30. Goodwill traceable to the new partner, continued Analysis, continued • The amount that should have been paid by the new partner: $55,000 [($220,000  80%) – $220,000] • Goodwill traceable to the new partner: $10,000 ($55,000 - $45,000) C14

  31. Goodwill traceable to the new partner, continued Journal Entries Net Assets 20,000 A, Capital 12,000 B, Capital 8,000 Cash 45,000 Goodwill 10,000 C, Capital 55,000 C14

  32. Contribution of assets to existing partners Generally, a portion of the selling partner’s book value of capital is transferred to the buying partner Example: The book value of B’s capital interest is $50,000. C acquires one-half of B’s capital interest for $30,000: B, Capital 25,000 C, Capital 25,000 C14

  33. Withdrawal of a partner Withdrawing partner may sell interest to • the partnership and/or • an individual partner C14

  34. Selling of an interest to the partnership • The bonus or goodwill method may be employed • The bonus method will only recognize net asset write-downs (versus write-ups) C14

  35. Selling of an interest to the partnership, continued If the goodwill method is used • generally only net unrecorded appreciation and/or goodwill traceable to the selling partner is recognized • net asset write-downs should be recognized to the extent that they are traceable to the whole entity C14

  36. Partnership liquidation guidelines • The UPA establishes rules governing the priority in which partnership assets are distributed • The doctrine of “right of offset” combines loans due to partners with the capital balances of partners • The liability for debit capital balances is covered by the doctrine of “marshalling of assets” C14

  37. Partnership liquidation guidelines, continued • If debit capital balances are not eliminated, they are allocated to the other partners with credit capital balances • All attempts should be made to avoid premature liquidation payments to partners C14

  38. Marshalling of assets doctrine • Applies when a partnership is insolvent (liabilities exceed assets) • unsatisfied partnership creditors can attach to net personal assets • unsatisfied partnership creditors can attach to any solvent individual partner C14

  39. Marshalling of assets doctrine, continued • Applies when individual partners are insolvent (personal liabilities exceed personal assets) • unsatisfied personal creditors can attach to partnership net assets • unsatisfied personal creditors can attach only to the extent of an insolvent partner’s capital balance C14

  40. Types of liquidation approaches • Lump sum liquidation - all assets are in a distributable form and all outside creditors are satisfied before distributions are made to partners • Installment liquidation - payments may be made to partners in installments rather than in a final lump sum. Caution must be exercised to insure that no premature distributions are made C14

  41. Types of liquidation approaches, continued • A predistribution plan - developed in advance of actual distributions which serves as a guideline for the order and amount of future distributions C14

  42. Installment liquidation guidelines • The “right of offset” doctrine is employed • All liabilities, possible losses, and liquidation expenses are anticipated • Prior to a distribution, all remaining non-cash assets are assumed to be worthless C14

  43. Installment liquidation guidelines, continued • With respect to potential debit capital balances, all partners are assumed to be personally insolvent • Actual distributions are based on a schedule of safe payments or a predistribution plan C14

  44. Installment liquidation C14

  45. Installment liquidation C14

  46. Predistribution plan • Based on how much loss a partner could absorb (i.e., maximum loss absorbable, the MLA) • MLA = partner’s capital balance  partner’s profit and loss percent • Partner with the largest MLA is the strongest and should be the first to receive a distribution C14

  47. Predistribution plan, continued • Actual distributions reduce partners’ capital balances and their respective MLAs • When all partners have equal MLAs they will all receive a distribution C14

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