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Upgrading and Repairing PCs

Upgrading and Repairing PCs. Chapter 3. Processor Overview: ch 3. Brain of the PC Intel, AMD, Cyrix, and Alpha are popular manufacturers Speed is measured in MHz (megahertz) and soon GHz (Gigahertz) Performance measured by speed (Mhz) and width (bus width). Processor Specifications.

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Upgrading and Repairing PCs

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  1. Upgrading and Repairing PCs Chapter 3

  2. Processor Overview: ch 3 • Brain of the PC • Intel, AMD, Cyrix, and Alpha are popular manufacturers • Speed is measured in MHz (megahertz) and soon GHz (Gigahertz) • Performance measured by speed (Mhz) and width (bus width)

  3. Processor Specifications • Data Bus • Used to receive and transmit data • Internal Registers • Area for processor to calculate data • Memory Address Bus • Carries addressing information concerning where data is being sent or received from RAM

  4. Processor Modes • Real Mode • 16 bit instructions/use only 1MB of memory • Protected Mode • 32 bit instructions/applications run in protected memory spaces • Virtual Real Mode • Used in Windows for backwards compatibility

  5. Processor Features • SMM (System Management Mode) • Power Mgmt. Standard used in portables • Superscalar Execution • Execute multiple instructions simultaneously

  6. Processor Features • MMX (Multi Media eXtensions) • Improves video, imaging, and I/O processing • Dynamic Execution • Anticipates a programs needs before hand • DIB Architecture (Dual Independent Bus) • Separate busses for memory access

  7. Processor Features • L1 cache • Built into CPU • As fast as CPU, 90% success rate • L2 cache • Previously, always located on motherboard • Faster than RAM, slower than CPU • 90% success rate • Trend: locating on CPU • Smaller faster cache better than slower bigger cache

  8. Most Common Processor Sockets • Socket 7 • Used by Pentium and Pentium MMX • Still being used by AMD and Cyrix under the name Super 7 • Slot 1 - Used by Pentium II. Looks like a cartridge • Cache mounted in slot for faster access • Not used by any other manufacturer

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