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Comprehensive Overview of PC Processors: Specifications, Features, and Sockets

In this chapter, we explore the critical role of processors, often deemed the "brain of the PC." Popular manufacturers like Intel, AMD, Cyrix, and Alpha are highlighted, along with key performance metrics such as speed (measured in MHz and GHz) and bus width. We delve into processor specifications including data and memory address buses, as well as operating modes like Real, Protected, and Virtual Real modes. Key features like SMM, superscalar execution, MMX, and cache types are discussed. Finally, we review common processor sockets including Socket 7 and Slot 1.

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Comprehensive Overview of PC Processors: Specifications, Features, and Sockets

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  1. Upgrading and Repairing PCs Chapter 3

  2. Processor Overview: ch 3 • Brain of the PC • Intel, AMD, Cyrix, and Alpha are popular manufacturers • Speed is measured in MHz (megahertz) and soon GHz (Gigahertz) • Performance measured by speed (Mhz) and width (bus width)

  3. Processor Specifications • Data Bus • Used to receive and transmit data • Internal Registers • Area for processor to calculate data • Memory Address Bus • Carries addressing information concerning where data is being sent or received from RAM

  4. Processor Modes • Real Mode • 16 bit instructions/use only 1MB of memory • Protected Mode • 32 bit instructions/applications run in protected memory spaces • Virtual Real Mode • Used in Windows for backwards compatibility

  5. Processor Features • SMM (System Management Mode) • Power Mgmt. Standard used in portables • Superscalar Execution • Execute multiple instructions simultaneously

  6. Processor Features • MMX (Multi Media eXtensions) • Improves video, imaging, and I/O processing • Dynamic Execution • Anticipates a programs needs before hand • DIB Architecture (Dual Independent Bus) • Separate busses for memory access

  7. Processor Features • L1 cache • Built into CPU • As fast as CPU, 90% success rate • L2 cache • Previously, always located on motherboard • Faster than RAM, slower than CPU • 90% success rate • Trend: locating on CPU • Smaller faster cache better than slower bigger cache

  8. Most Common Processor Sockets • Socket 7 • Used by Pentium and Pentium MMX • Still being used by AMD and Cyrix under the name Super 7 • Slot 1 - Used by Pentium II. Looks like a cartridge • Cache mounted in slot for faster access • Not used by any other manufacturer

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