1. ALTERNATIVE POWER Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering 2002 Student Conference University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta March 15 - 17, 2002 Doug Heaton P. Eng. Project Development Manager EPCOR Utilities Inc.

2. ALTERNATIVE POWER CSChE 2002 Student Conference • Alberta’s restructuring experience: • Fundamental principles behind restructuring are sound • Prices will stabilize with more generation coming on stream • Despite California, no one has stopped deregulating. In fact Ontario will move ahead in 2nd Quarter, 2002

3. ALTERNATIVE POWER CSChE 2002 Student Conference Generationgenerates electricity Distribution & Transmission (wires)transmits electricity to provincial grid system; distributes electricity to consumer; manages and reads meters Retailsells electricity, customer service, billing and administration: takes electricity from source to end user Deregulated Regulated Deregulated

4. ALTERNATIVE POWER CSChE 2002 Student Conference 2000 Energy Source Profile for North America

5. ALTERNATIVE POWER CSChE 2002 Student Conference A diverse fuel mix is desirable to ensure: Security of energy supply Power price stability System reliability

6. ALTERNATIVE POWER CSChE 2002 Student Conference Energy Sources for Alternative Power Generation Wind Solar Coalbed methane Small hydro (run-of river water) Biomass Biogas (agricultural) Landfill gas

7. ALTERNATIVE POWER CSChE 2002 Student Conference Today’s High Profile Alternative Generation Systems Microturbines Fuel cells

8. ALTERNATIVE POWER CSChE 2002 Student Conference WIND

9. ALTERNATIVE POWER CSChE 2002 Student Conference Vision Quest, Castle River, AB Vestas 660 MW, 50 Metre Tall

10. ALTERNATIVE POWER CSChE 2002 Student Conference Comparison of Wind Power Capacity in Various Countries Germany: 6,113 MW Denmark: 2,297 MW USA: 5,250 MW Spain: 2,402 MW Canada: 198 MW

11. ALTERNATIVE POWER CSChE 2002 Student Conference

12. ALTERNATIVE POWER CSChE 2002 Student Conference Peigan Nation - EPCOR, Brocket, AB NEG Micon 900 kW, 72 Metres Tall

13. ALTERNATIVE POWER CSChE 2002 Student Conference Weather Dancer 1 Capital cost $1.8 million Output 900 KW Tower height 72 metres Blade radius 26 metres Concrete base 25 square metres x 8.2 metres deep (500 tonnes of concrete)

14. ALTERNATIVE POWER CSChE 2002 Student Conference The amount of power available in the wind is determined by the equation: w = 1/2 r A v3 where w is power, r is air density, A is the rotor area, and v is the wind speed. Wind power is a measure of the energy available in the wind. It is a function of the cube (third power) of the wind speed. If the wind speed is doubled, power in the wind increases by a factor of eight (23). This relationship means that small differences in wind speed lead to large differences in power.

15. ALTERNATIVE POWER CSChE 2002 Student Conference SOLAR

16. ALTERNATIVE POWER CSChE 2002 Student Conference Passive Solar Heating

17. ALTERNATIVE POWER CSChE 2002 Student Conference Active Solar Heating

18. ALTERNATIVE POWER CSChE 2002 Student Conference Active Solar Generating

19. ALTERNATIVE POWER CSChE 2002 Student Conference EPCOR Centre, Edmonton 13 kW DC

20. ALTERNATIVE POWER CSChE 2002 Student Conference EPCOR Centre, Edmonton 13 kW DC

21. ALTERNATIVE POWER CSChE 2002 Student Conference COALBED METHANE

22. ALTERNATIVE POWER CSChE 2002 Student Conference Coalbed Methane

23. ALTERNATIVE POWER CSChE 2002 Student Conference

24. ALTERNATIVE POWER SOURCESAlberta Federation of REA’s SMALL HYDRO

25. ALTERNATIVE POWER SOURCESAlberta Federation of REA’s EPCOR’s Taylor Hydroelectric Project 12.75 MW Run-of-River, Magrath, Alberta

26. ALTERNATIVE POWER CSChE 2002 Student Conference BIOMASS

27. ALTERNATIVE POWER CSChE 2002 Student Conference Gasifier Project Burlington Electric's McNeil Station in Burlington, VT

28. ALTERNATIVE POWER CSChE 2002 Student Conference 23 MW Fluidized Bed Biomass Generating Station Whitecourt, Alberta

29. ALTERNATIVE POWER CSChE 2002 Student Conference Biogas

30. ALTERNATIVE POWER CSChE 2002 Student Conference

31. ALTERNATIVE POWER CSChE 2002 Student Conference Integrated Manure Utilization System

32. ALTERNATIVE POWER CSChE 2002 Student Conference  Ribe Biogas Plant,   Denmark

33. ALTERNATIVE POWER CSChE 2002 Student Conference Cattle manure Hog manure Digestor tanks Ribe Biogas Plant,   Denmark

34. ALTERNATIVE POWER CSChE 2002 Student Conference Ribe Biogas Plant,   Denmark Plant DataPrimary tanks:               2, each of 680 m³ Dosing tank:                  1 of 150 m³ Reactors:                       3, each of 1,750 m³ Storage tanks (central): 2, each of 680 m³ Gas storage:                  1,000 m³ Storage tanks                (local: 22) Operating DataBiomass feed:                   400 m³/d Biogas production, gross: 77 MWh/d (100%) Process heat, consumption: 12 MWh/d(15,5%) – Process power, consumption: 2 MWh/d (2,5%) Surplus energy, net: 63 MWh/d

35. ALTERNATIVE POWER CSChE 2002 Student Conference Processed Manure

36. ALTERNATIVE POWER CSChE 2002 Student Conference Landfill Gas

37. ALTERNATIVE POWER CSChE 2002 Student Conference Clover Bar Landfill, Edmonton

38. ALTERNATIVE POWER CSChE 2002 Student Conference

39. ALTERNATIVE POWER CSChE 2002 Student Conference EPCOR’s Clover Bar Landfill Gas Plant

40. ALTERNATIVE POWER CSChE 2002 Student Conference Mountaingate Landfill Gas Plant, California

41. ALTERNATIVE POWER CSChE 2002 Student Conference 1 MW Jenbacher LFG Reciprocating Engine Marina Landfill, California

42. ALTERNATIVE POWER CSChE 2002 Student Conference Microturbines

43. ALTERNATIVE POWER CSChE 2002 Student Conference MICROTURBINES Power to Utility Grid, Heat & Power for On-site Use Offset High Retail Electric Rates Meet Strict Air Emission Regulations Poor Quality Landfill Gas (> 35% CH4) Small Quantity Landfill Gas (> 489 Nm3/day, 12 scfm) Innovative / Renewable Technology Funding

44. ALTERNATIVE POWER MICROTURBINES Fuel Heating Value: > 13.4 MJ/m3 ( > 350 Btu/scf HHV) Heat Rate for 30 kW(e): 127.8 kW(t) (436,000 Btu/hr) Efficiency: 23.5% Water Vapor Content: Dew Pt + 10 OC Hydrogen Sulfide Content: < 70,000 ppmv Particulate Content: < 20 ppm Pressure: 55 to 80 psig

46. ALTERNATIVE POWER CSChE 2002 Student Conference MICROTURBINES NOx Emissions (g/kWh) 20 US Utility Average 3.24 Ontario Power Generation Forecast 1.55 Peaking Gas Turbine 1.8 Capstone 30 kW 0.06

47. ALTERNATIVE POWER CSChE 2002 Student Conference MICROTURBINES

48. ALTERNATIVE POWER CSChE 2002 Student Conference Honeywell Parallon 75 kW Microturbine Turbine and compressor $68,200 Mechanical $3,200 Electrical $13,400 Civil $4,700 Metering $1,900 Engineering $7,900 TOTAL $99,300

49. ALTERNATIVE POWER CSChE 2002 Student Conference Shipment of 40 Honeywell Parallon 75 Microturbines to Calgary from Albuquerque

50. ALTERNATIVE POWER CSChE 2002 Student Conference MICROTURBINES Secure Power’s 5 unit Elliott Energy T-80kW