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1. Exploring Photography:An Introduction to CamerasPinhole, Film, DigitalCreated by Nicole Schrensky click the camera to begin

2. Welcome to the wonderful world of photography! After completing this program you will be able to: • Identify different types of cameras • Explain how these cameras are different • Understand how the cameras work

3. How to use this presentation Clicking this arrow will move you forward This arrow will move you back to the previous page Clicking the camera at anytime will take you to the main menu

4. Main Menu On this page you can select what kind of camera you want to learn about. You may also choose to skip ahead to the final assessment. At any point during this program you may return to this menu by clicking the camera at the bottom of the screen. Before you begin it may be a good idea to review some photographic terms! Which camera would you like to discover? PinholeFilmDigital Skip ahead to the final assessment

5. Terms to Know We need to be familiar with common photographic terms Click on the term to see the definition ApertureFocus Camera Lens ExposureShutter Film

6. Aperture The aperture is the size of the hole in the lens that light may enter through. The size of the aperture is referred to as the f-stop.

7. Lens The lens is the glass that collects and focuses the light as it enters the camera. Click on the video below to quickly learn about three different camera lenses!

8. Shutter The shutter is a set of curtains that opens to let light into the camera. The speed these curtains open and close determines how much light may enter the camera.

9. Exposure The exposure is the amount of light that enters the camera and is collected by the film or sensor.

10. Film Film is a piece of plastic that is coated with emulsion. Emulsion is light sensitive and records any light that hits it.

11. Focus The focus is the sharpest and most defined area of a photograph. The focus can be changed by adjusting the focal length of the lens.

12. Camera A camera is a light proof box. This means no light can get in! Within it is light sensitive film or a digital sensor that reacts to the light let in by the shutter.

13. PinholeDissecting the camera. How it works. Different types. Qualities of an image.

14. Pinhole Cameras A pinhole camera is a very basic camera. It has no lens and only one aperture. Every pinhole camera is different and as a result every pinhole image is too!

15. Dissecting the Camera A pinhole camera has three main parts: • The light tight chamber-most commonly a cardboard box • The image plane-where the film is placed • The pinhole-where the light enters the box

16. How it Works • The shutter is lifted and the pinhole is exposed • Light reflects off of the objects in front of the camera and enters the pinhole • The light sensitive paper or film on the image plane collects the light • The image is recorded upside down and backwards on the film or paper • The shutter is placed over the pinhole to prevent more light from entering

17. Camera Obscura Pinhole cameras were created based off of the knowledge of camera obscura. Camera obscura is the term used to describe the way light flips and the colors invert when it enters through the pinhole. This is why film contains negative images!

18. Camera Obscura Here’s a fun fact: If you were to have a black room with no light leaks and you cut a hole the size of a quarter in one of the walls, the outside image would reflect onto the opposite wall upside down and inverted!

19. Qualities of a Pinhole Image There are three main aspects of a pinhole image: • Light Leaks • Overlap • Vignette

20. Light Leaks Light leaks occur when the camera is not light-tight. Light enters the camera through seems or cracks and it appears on the image as an over exposed mark. They may also occur once the film is out of the camera if the film is not rolled tightly.

21. Overlap Some pinhole cameras cause images to overlap. This means that the film was not fully advanced after a frame was shot so one frame lays partially on the other. This can also be called double exposure.

22. Vignette The vignette of a photograph refers to the edges when they are faded or blacked out. This occurs because of the edges of the pinhole. It can also be done by exposing the sides of the film when it is rolled up.

23. Types of Pinhole Cameras Because pinhole cameras are so simple they can be made of almost anything! 2 of the most popular pinhole cameras that can be bought are:

24. Now you will be asked a few questions about pinhole cameras For this section simply click the answer you think is right!

25. Pinhole cameras are very technologically advanced. True False

26. Sorry but that’s not the correct answer. Remember, pinhole cameras can be made out of a box! Click to go back and try again

27. Correct! Pinhole cameras are very basic. Click to move to the next question

28. When light enters through a small hole, the image is upside down and inverted. This is called… • Light Inverno • Camera Obscura • Image Obscura • Light Flip

29. I’m sorry but that is not the correct answer. Click to go back and try again

30. I’m sorry but that is not the correct answer. Click to go back and try again

31. I’m sorry but that is not the correct answer. Click to go back and try again

32. Correct! Camera obscura cause the image to invert when passing through a tiny opening. Click to continue

33. Congrats! You’ve completed pinhole cameras! Return to the main menu to select a different camera!

34. FilmDissecting the camera. How it works. Different types. Qualities of an image

35. Film Cameras A film camera exposes light to light sensitive film in order to record an image. The film must then be developed in order to see the images.

36. Dissecting the Camera

37. How it Works • Light enters the camera through the lens. • The light is reflected off of a mirror system so the image can be shown in the view finder. • The shutter released is pushed an the shutter opens. • Light enters through the shutter and hits the film. • The film collects the image. • The film advances to the next frame.

38. Qualities of a Film Image There are 3 common qualities that can be found in film images: • Noise • Highlights • Resolution

39. Noise If an image has noise this means it has random marks of light or lack there of in what should be a smooth area. Sometimes it adds to an image as an artistic effect, other times it can be distracting.

40. Highlights The highlights of an image are the lightest areas of the image. The highlights of film images are very similar to what the human eye sees and as a result are very graceful.

41. Resolution Resolution describes the amount of detail/info held in an image. Film photography dominates landscape photography because of this. Digital cameras have a limited amount of memory where as film does not. This means film can hold much more detail.

42. Types of Film Cameras 35mm Medium Format Large Format

43. Now you will be asked a few questions about film cameras For this section simply click the answer you think is correct!

44. Because film cameras are old they produce images that are poor quality with very low resolution. True False

45. Sorry that is not the correct answer. Remember, film is used for landscape photography! Click to go back and try again

46. Correct! Film has unlimited resolution! Click to continue

47. There are many different types of film cameras for many different types of film True False

48. Sorry that is not the correct answer. Try again! Click to go back and try again

49. Correct! The three most common sizes of film are 35mm, medium format, and large format. Click to continue

50. Congrats! You’ve completed film cameras! Return to the main menu to select a different camera!