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Collective Behavior

Collective Behavior. Chapter 17, section 1. Introduction. In general, social behavior is patterned and predictable. Collective Behavior: when social behavior is not patterned and predictable people make up new norms as they go along in unclear situations

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Collective Behavior

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  1. Collective Behavior Chapter 17, section 1

  2. Introduction • In general, social behavior is patterned and predictable. • Collective Behavior: • when social behavior is not patterned and predictable • people make up new norms as they go along in unclear situations • short lived, spontaneous, and emotional

  3. Characteristics of Collectives • Limited Interaction: short or non-existent • Unclear Norms: no set rules • Limited Unity: seldom share a group identity

  4. There are many different types of collectives.

  5. Crowd • Definition: a temporary gathering of people • Casual Crowd: least organized, most temporary • Example: lines to buy movie tickets • Conventional Crowd: more structured, gather for a common reason • Example: funeral, ball game • Expressive Crowd: no apparent goal or purpose; common behavior includes cheering, dancing, and/or shouting • Example: concert • Acting Crowd: violent; intense emotions which are usually hostile, destructive, and focused on one target • Examples follow

  6. Mob • The most violent form of an acting crowd • United by a violent goal • Usually has a leader or leaders • Generally unstable and limited • Example: lynch mobs

  7. More Acting Crowds • Riots: erupt into generalized destructive behavior; less unified and focused than mobs; participants lack power • Example: LA riots after the Rodney King beatings • Panics: triggered by fear • Example: Chicago Fire of 1903 • Moral Panics: people become fearful, without reason, about behavior that appears to threaten society’s core values • Example: Gay Marriage concerns

  8. Mass Hysteria: an unfounded anxiety shared by people scattered over a wide geographic area; involves irrational beliefs and behaviors spread by the population and fueled by the media; short lived • Example: swine flu • Fashions: enthusiastic attachments among large numbers of people for particular styles of appearance or behavior; subject to change • Example: grunge look

  9. Fads: an unconventional object, action, or idea that a large number of people are attached to for a very short time • Example: mood rings; pet rocks • Rumors: an unverified piece of information that is spread rapidly from one person to another; changes from person to person • Example: news about a classmate • Urban Legends: stories that teach a lesson and seem realistic, but are untrue • Example: bring one in for homework!

  10. Public Opinion: the collection of differing attitudes that members of a group of geographically scattered people have about a particular issue; often influenced by propaganda • Example: views on equality

  11. Explaining Collective Behavior • Contagion Theory: crowds are so hypnotic, people give up their individuality • Emergent-Norm Theory: traditional norms don’t apply in this crowd, so people have to act quickly • Value-Added Theory: the pre-conditions for collective behavior build on one another—see next slide 

  12. Pre-Conditions • Structural Conduciveness • Structural Strain • Growth and Spread of a Generalized Belief • Precipitating Factors • Mobilization for Action • Social Control

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