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French Revolution

French Revolution. King of France – Louis XVI . Wife – Marie Antoinette . Louis XVI was not an absolute monarch. Ruled with the Estates General . First Estate – Nobles. Second Estate – Clergy. Third Estate – Common people. King Louis XVI. Marie Antoinette. Estates General.

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French Revolution

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  1. French Revolution

  2. King of France – Louis XVI. • Wife – Marie Antoinette. • Louis XVI was not an absolute monarch. • Ruled with the Estates General. • First Estate – Nobles. • Second Estate – Clergy. • Third Estate – Common people.

  3. King Louis XVI

  4. Marie Antoinette

  5. Estates General

  6. First Estate

  7. Second Estate

  8. Third Estate

  9. People of France were starving and overtaxed. • France was broke from helping USA in American Revolution. • King Louis XVI meets with Estates General. • Asks for a raise in taxes. • 1st Estate – Yes! (They don’t pay taxes) • 2nd Estate – Yes! (They don’t pay taxes) • 3rd Estate – No! (They pay all of the taxes)

  10. King got angry, promised to raise taxes. • 3rd Estate left EG chamber, locked themselves in a tennis court in Versailles. • Took the Tennis Court Oath. • Promised not to leave the tennis court until they wrote new constitution for France. • Renamed themselves the National Assembly. • People of Paris were afraid Louis XVI would kill the National Assembly.

  11. Versailles

  12. National Assembly

  13. Tennis Court Oath

  14. Parisians attacked a fortress/prison called the Bastille. • Killed soldiers, took weapons. • Marched to Versailles to defend National Assembly. • National Assembly wrote the first constitution in France. • Took power from King, 1st, 2nd Estates. • Seized all Church lands. • Adopted Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen. • Based on USA Declaration of Independence and English Bill of Rights.

  15. Bastille

  16. Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen

  17. New Constitution did not apply to women. • Olympe de Gouges wrote the Declaration of Rights of Women and Citizenesses. • Tried and failed to get it passed by the National Assembly.

  18. Olympe de Gouges

  19. When the new Constitution was passed, Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette ran. • Caught, brought back to Paris, placed under house arrest. • Many nobles fled to England. • 1792 – National Assembly adopted a 2nd Constitution. • Same as first, but added: • Universal Manhood Suffrage. • Right for all men to vote. • Execution of Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette. • By guillotine.

  20. Execution of King Louis XVI

  21. Execution of Marie Antoinette

  22. Reign of Terror • The Revolution was successful, but many wanted a return to monarchy. • National Assembly created the Committee of Public Safety to hunt enemies of the Revolution. • Led by Robespierre and Danton. • Guided by the writings of Jean-Paul Marat.

  23. Maximilien Robespierre

  24. George-Jacques Danton

  25. Jean-Paul Marat

  26. The CPS began a program to stop all criticism of the Revolution. • Called the Reign of Terror. • Torture, imprisonment, and execution of all real or suspected enemies of the Revolution. • Marat was stabbed to death by Charlotte Corday. • The people quickly became swept up in the bloodbath. • Mass-murder, revolutionary banquets, destruction of the Catholic Church. • Civilization broke down, money was worthless.

  27. Robespierre killed thousands, including Danton. • Began to threaten the National Assembly. • National Assembly had Robespierre executed, ending the Reign of Terror. • National Assembly wrote a third Constitution, creating a new government. • Directory – Governing body made up of 5 men. • Inefficient and corrupt. • Overthrown by Napoleon Bonaparte.

  28. Execution of Robespierre

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