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The French Revolution: From Moderate Beginnings to Radical Radicals (1789-1814)

The French Revolution unfolded in three distinct stages from 1789 to 1814. The first stage marked the meeting of the Estates-General and the declaration of the National Assembly by the Third Estate, leading to significant events like the storming of the Bastille and the Declaration of the Rights of Man. The second stage saw the rise of radical Jacobins, the execution of King Louis XVI, and the Reign of Terror under Robespierre. The final stage ended with the Thermidorian Reaction, the establishment of the Directory, and Napoleon's rise to power, culminating in his proclamation as emperor.

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The French Revolution: From Moderate Beginnings to Radical Radicals (1789-1814)

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  1. French Revolution

  2. First (Moderate) Stage 1789: • Estates-General meet- 3rd Estate declares itself the National Assmbly • July 14- Bastille is attacked, peasants riot (Great Fear) • Declaration of Rights of Man and the Citizen • King Louis XVI was taken by the peasant mob to Paris • Assembly seized church lands 1791: • National Assembly drafted a new constitution- Legislative Assembly- creates a constitutional monarchy

  3. Second (Radical) Stage 1792: Legislative Assembly declares war on Austria; Jacobin (radical republican) leaders stir up the Paris mobs King was taken to prison & executed, thousands of nobles, priests, bourgeoisies are slaughtered France is proclaimed a republic, the Legislative Assembly becomes the National Convention 1793: Jacobins group (Mountain) and Girondists (rural peasants) battle for control of the government

  4. Robespierre, leader of the Jacobins, pushes for the execution of Luis XVI & Marie Antoinette • Girondist leaders are arrested • Committee of Public Safety(Dictatorship) launches Reign of Terror- over 40,000 people executed from summer of 1793-1794. 75% are working class/peasants 1794: • Robespierre attempts to de-Christianize France

  5. Robespierre is executed by the National Convention. Reign of Terror comes to an end Third (Reactionary) Stage 1795: Thermidorian Reaction: moderate bourgeoisie reformers return to power The Directory, 5 member executive body, is established to run the government (oligarchy/republic) Paris mob threatens the government- Napoleon is brought in to end the rioting.

  6. 1799: Napoleon overthrows The Directory. He forms a new government, the Consulate, made up of 3 consuls- he is the head. (Dictatorship) 1804: Napoleon declares himself emperor. 1814: Napoleon abdicates. Louis XVIII comes to power (monarchy)

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