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French Revolution

French Revolution. Reading pages 1-3. The French Revolution Begins The French Revolution Expands Louis Reacts to the Revolution. Underlying Causes. Commoners were tired of high taxes Nobility and the Church were hardly taxed Nobility wanted more power King had absolute power

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French Revolution

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  1. French Revolution

  2. Reading pages 1-3 • The French Revolution Begins • The French Revolution Expands • Louis Reacts to the Revolution

  3. Underlying Causes • Commoners were tired of high taxes • Nobility and the Church were hardly taxed • Nobility wanted more power • King had absolute power • Taxes and bread shortages

  4. 1st Estate Clergy (religious leaders) 100,000 Members Paid very few taxes

  5. 2nd Estate Nobility (Royalty) 400,000 Members Paid very few taxes Wanted even more power

  6. 3rd Estate Commoners 24.5 Million Members Paid a lot of taxes, which made life difficult Peasants, but also doctors, lawyers, traders, merchants, etc.

  7. Estates General (Representatives of the three Estates) Made up 5% Population 300 Clergy 300 Nobility 600 Commoners

  8. Estates General gathers for their meeting May 5, 1789 1200 Members (300 Clergy, 300 Nobility, 600 Commoners)

  9. 3rd Estate (Commoners) protest the block voting! June 17, 1789 3rd Estate declares itself the “National Assembly” National (Representing the nation)Assembly (Group of people)

  10. National Assembly is locked out of the Versailles Palace June 20, 1789

  11. Tennis Court Oath June 20, 1789 King locks the palace doors! National Assembly meets in a tennis court Oath: The group will stay together until they form a new constitution.

  12. The King Fights Back! July 13, 1789 King Louis brings mercenaries to Paris to stop the protests National Assembly raids the “Invalides” (hospital) and steal 30,000 muskets

  13. Storming the Bastille Parisians raided this old prison fortress They thought it would have gunpowder and ammunition for the guns the had acquired from the Invalides They also thought there would be political prisoners inside that they could set free +there was ammunition and powder - there was only 7 prisoners, (and they were all legit)

  14. Bastille Day July 14, 1789 Independence Day (Free from King’s control) “Storming of the Bastille”

  15. The King leaves Versailles… • He is going to Paris to meet the new mayor • Jean Sylvain Bailly • He has just been elected mayor of Paris • Is a revolutionary Take this 3 color banner and wave it from the balcony before I throw you off the balcony! How Do you do?

  16. July 17, 1789 King meets with Jean Sylvain Bailly (Revolutionary Mayor) King accepts tri-color (red, white, blue) cockade (banner) King pretends to accept the requests of the National Assembly

  17. Packet A Reading pages 4-5 You guys thought I was gone! Think again. Did you do your assignment? • A Declaration of Rights • Violent Days in October

  18. National Assembly • Now thought they had the blessing of King Louis XVI • August 4-5, 1789 • Passed Reforms • Ended privileges of the aristocracy • Voted to end serfdom • a little later; final draft… Accepted the Declaration of the Rights of Man August 26, 1789

  19. Marquis de Lafayette • Head of the French National Guard • Friends with George Washington • France sent Lafayette over to America to help them fight against the British • Helped to train Washington’s inexperienced army

  20. Marquis de Lafayette • Friends with Thomas Jefferson • Noted author of the Declaration of Independence • Happened to be in France in August of 1789 • Wrote the 1st draft of the Declaration of the Rights of Man (DRM) • Thomas Jefferson helped him edit the document

  21. Declaration of the Rights of Man Goals for the revolution A list of rights and liberties they wanted protected: Own property Equality Right to resist tyranny (go against those that take power by force) Freedom of speech and press Freedom of religion

  22. YES, that is a model ship SEWN into her hair do. Remember how the country is in debt? Make your own inferences once you see her appearance… Marie Antoinette She is Austrian She is married to King Louis (he isn’t well liked) Spends money like it is going out of style -Loves to do her hair -Loves to wear dresses ONE TIME! -Loves to throw dinner parties

  23. March of the Women October 5, 1789 7,000 “Fish” Women storm Versailles Palace to get the Queen to listen to them (Since she’s a mother, she should understand!) They kill guards and try to capture the Queen King & Queen are taken as prisoners to Tuileries Palace in Paris

  24. From Versailles to Paris… • The royal family is taken to Paris to be put in prison • Imprisoned in the Tuileries Palace • The palace hasn’t been lived in for 100 years, is empty, and is now heavily guarded by Lafayette and his National Guard

  25. Packet A Reading Pages 6-8 • Writing the Revolutionary Constitution • The Royal Family Flees • New Problems for the Revolution

  26. What is going down in Paris? • All the action is in Paris now… • So no more meeting on the tennis court • Manege • A former royal riding school • Royal family trained to ride horses

  27. National Assembly 3 Groups • Patriots • Moderates • Lafayette is the leader • Wanted a constitution and the Revolution to continue • Royalists/Monarchists • Wanted the revolution to end • privilege to be restored to nobility • King to be in control again

  28. 3 groups (continued) 3. Extremists • Believed the revolution hadn’t accomplished enough • Want a full democratic government

  29. Axel Fersen • Swedish Count • Loyal admirer of the Queen • Hatches the escape plan

  30. The Great Escape Plan…June 21, 1791 Axel Ferson comes up with a plan to help them escape. Large yellow/golden carriage King and Queen dressed up as “German” nobility They are recognized by a postmaster because the King’s picture is on the assignats (paper money)

  31. Meanwhile… National Assembly meets at the Manege Across the street from Tuileries New Constitution Limited monarchy Executive & Legislative Branches (745 members) King Cannot make new laws, declare war, or declare peace Courts will have elected judges Church is now under state (governmental) control 140 Bishoprics are replaced with 83 Departments Church property is sold to pay off France’s debts Clergy salary is now paid by the Assembly

  32. Results… • Absolutism ended • Feudalism ended • Privilege of the nobility was eliminated • Tax structure was thrown out; • everyone paid now • Magistrates were replaced by elected judges • Power was taken from the church • the clergyman now reported to the government

  33. National Assembly dissolves because it has met the Tennis Court Oath! “New” Assembly is made up of several groups Girondins: Want a Republic Feuillants: Want a continuation of the Monarchy Jacobins: Want Reform Cordeliers: Urban workers that want reform (strength in numbers)

  34. Reading pages 9-10 • The Revolution of August 10 • The Jacobins Take Control

  35. Revolution of August 10, 1791 Girondins: Support a war with Austria Jacobins: Do not want war April 20, 1792: King declares war France vs. Austria Who is from Austria again? This leads to a permanent split between the Girondins and Jacobins

  36. When Austria invades, the King refuses to provide protection • Legislative Assembly votes to end the Monarchy

  37. Why in the world would King Louis XVI want war? • His wife was Austrian • Thought French people would put him back in power • Why? • WIN/WIN • Austria wins… what happens? • France wins… what happens?

  38. Why didn’t the Jacobins want war? • Pretty much because of the information on the last slide • They knew it would cause King Louis XVI to get more power DUH!

  39. Sans-Coulottes • Workers of Paris • June 10, 1792 • 8000 workers marched on Tuileries Palace • Angry • Down with the “veto” referring to King’s 20,000 National Guardsmen protecting Paris • On August 9, they officially ask for the removal of the king

  40. August 10, • Legislative Assembly surrendered to the new Revolutionist group • Insurrectionary Commune • Voted to end the monarch • Depose King Louis XVI

  41. September 21, 1792 National Convention begins meeting Establishes the Revolutionary Tribunal Court where king would be put on trial tried him for treason sentenced him to death

  42. The End for the King… Charged with treason & sentenced to death Guillotine on January 21, 1793 -England, Netherlands, Spain, Austria, and Prussia all declare war against France + “Long live the Republic!”

  43. The king is dead, France is at war, people are starving, a new government needs to be set up Girondins Jacobins They are now in control of the Republic of France Leaders of the revolution Robespierre is their leader Leader of the Committee of Public Safety War cabinet Offers advice in fighting the war Infer what else the group ends up doing (hint: acronym) • Arrested the leaders after the king’s execution • Infer what is next? • Put on trial with the Revolutionary Tribunal • Sentenced to death by guillotine

  44. The COPS! Committee of Public Safety Enforce the “Law of Suspects” – proof is not required Reign of Terror begins!

  45. Final Readings • Packet A pages 11-12 • The Reign of Terror • The Fall of Robespierre

  46. Reign of Terror

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