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Unit II: Muslim Empires in the First Global Age

Unit II: Muslim Empires in the First Global Age. Geography. -“cross-roads” of the world -“middle” only to Europeans -hot and arid. Islam. Islam Muslim Allah Quran Mosque. The Five Pillars. 1. Proclamation of Faith 2. Prayer 3. Alms 4. Ramadan 5. Hadj. Muslims at Prayer.

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Unit II: Muslim Empires in the First Global Age

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  1. Unit II:Muslim Empires in the First Global Age

  2. Geography -“cross-roads” of the world -“middle” only to Europeans -hot and arid

  3. Islam Islam Muslim Allah Quran Mosque

  4. The Five Pillars 1. Proclamation of Faith 2. Prayer 3. Alms 4. Ramadan 5. Hadj Muslims at Prayer

  5. Mecca & the Ka’bah

  6. Medina Tomb of the Prophet

  7. Jerusalem Dome of the Rock

  8. Islamic Fundamentalism Sharia – Islamic Law Jihad – “struggle” for Islam Al Qaeda Hamas Taliban

  9. Why is Islam perceived as violent? Modernization vs. Globalization vs. Westernization

  10. Western Civilization Set of ideas that most of the world appears to want; NOT a place • Human Rights • Justice • Democracy • Rationalism • Progress • Self-Examination • Materialism

  11. Early History of Islam c. 570: Muhammad was born in Mecca; married Khadija 610: Muhammad was visited by the Archangel Gabriel 622: Hegira 630: Muhammad returned to Mecca 632: Muhammad died without naming a caliph; a successor

  12. Sunni vs. Shia Sunni – Abu Bakr Shia - Ali

  13. The Spread of Islam 632-732: Islam spread fast & far; Arabian Peninsula, North Africa, the Iberian Peninsula, Persian, Central Asia, & Anatolia Why?

  14. The Battle of Tours 732: Battle of Tours -Charles Martel led the Franks & Lombards; halted Muslim advance into western Europe Why is the battle significant?

  15. Early Muslim Dynasties 632 - c.750: Umayyad Dynasty • Arabic • Damascus as the capital • caliphate became hereditary c.750-1258: Abbasid Dynasty • non-Arabic • Baghdad as the capital • “Golden Age of Islam” • tolerant towards other religions & cultures Why does tolerance often lead to prosperity?

  16. The Crusades 1096-1204: Crusades • Western attempts to regain the holy land • Jerusalem Massacre • 4 major attempts • Saladin united the Arabs • all ultimately fail Why are the Crusades a significant event today?

  17. The Ottoman Empire c.1350-1918: Ottoman Empire 1389: Battle of Kosovo 1453: Constantinople fell 1529: Siege of Vienna c.1800: Ottomans decline • Wahhabism developed Suleiman the Magnificent

  18. The Ottoman Empire Major events & figures Government Economy Accomplishments Reasons for decline

  19. Ottoman Decline 1918: WWI Ends • Versailles Treaty • Turkey established • Mandates established

  20. Ottoman Decline

  21. South Asian Geography • 3 Regions • Khyber Pass • Monsoon Cycle

  22. South Asian Culture • Government • Language • Economy • Family • Religion

  23. Caste System c.1500-1000 BC: Aryans invaded • divided society by varna • evolved from skin color to occupation • sub-castes developed

  24. Hinduism • Polytheistic • Reincarnation • Karma • Dharma • Ataman • Ahimsa Brahman – the creator

  25. Buddhism c.600 BC: reformers tried to limit the power of the Brahmins c.560 BC: Siddhartha Gautama’s birth • “Buddha” • Four Noble Truths -Eight-Fold Path Differences: • no priests or caste system • gods are not central

  26. Muslim Invasions c. AD 1200: Muslim invasions began • violent invasions; Brahmins massacred & temples destroyed • major differences in religion • Islam was not absorbed • Sikhism developed

  27. Mughal Dynasty 1526 - c.1750s: Babar founded • Delhi was the capitol • advanced gunpowder technology • Akbar the Great -tolerant -master of compromise Shah Jahanbuilt the TajMahal Aurangzeb, his son, ended tolerance c.1750s: the British used divide & conquer to defeat the Mughal princely states

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