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LEADS and Effective Transitions Mini-Lesson

Learn how to write captivating leads and use effective transitions to engage readers and create a well-organized piece of writing.

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LEADS and Effective Transitions Mini-Lesson

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  1. LEADS and Effective Transitions Mini-Lesson

  2. 1. Start with a Snapshot. • When you paint a picture, you draw the reader in . Notice the difference between these two leads to a report about ice-skating. • BoringIce-skating is my favorite sport. • BetterIt's ten degrees below zero and the river is frozen a foot thick. It makes snapping sounds like the limbs of trees cracking. A long figure glides along the black ice, moving toward the city. The only sound is the scraping of each blade as it bites into the river. That's me doing my favorite sport, ice-skating.

  3. 2. Start with an important observation. • Start with an important observation.Don't start in the general. Put your most surprising or important observation into you opening. • GeneralThe human brain is a complex and amazing organ. • BetterSeeing stars, it dreams of eternity. Hearing birds, it makes music. Smelling flowers, it is enraptured. Touching tools, it transforms the earth. Butdeprived of these sensory experiences, the human brain withers and dies. (Inside the Brain --- Ronald Kotulak)

  4. 3. Start with a strongly stated question your readers might have. • In some ways all writing is about trying to answer our best questions. A strongquestion is one we all want to know the answer to. • Weakly-statedIn this paper I will attempt to answer the question why history is important. • BetterWhat's the point of studying history? Who cares what happened long ago? After all, aren't the people in history books dead?

  5. 4. Put your connection with the subject in the lead. • Why are you attracted to the subject? Do you have a personal reason for writing about this subject? What specific memories of the subject come to mind? • GeneralThe problem of longitude was one of the greatest scientific challenges of its day. • BetterOnce on a Wednesday excursion when I was a little girl, my father bought me a beaded wire ball that I loved. At a touch, I could collapse the toy intoa flat coil between my palms, or pop it open to make a hollow sphere. Rounded out it resembled a tiny Earth, because its hinged wires traced the same patternintersecting circles that I had seen on the globe in my school room -- the thin black lines of latitude and longitude. (Longitude --- Dava Sobel)

  6. 5. Flaunt your favorite bit of research/ most interesting or thought-provoking piece of information in the lead. • Start with the facts that made you smile, laugh, go "ahaaa" or just plain grossed you out. • GeneralDid you ever wonder why God created flies? • BetterThough we've been killing them for years now, I have never tested the folklore that with a little cream and sugar, flies taste very much like blackraspberries.

  7. Transitions… are the glue that hold your ideas together. Whether you use single words, phrases, or full sentences, transitions establish the logical connection between paragraphs and sections of your paper-whether a memo, brief or scholarly work. The purpose of transitions is to tell the reader how your work is organized and to signal changes between old and new ideas as the reader progresses.

  8. Transitions within Paragraphs- • Even within a paragraph readers needs transitions which function as clues to help them anticipate what is coming. Often these can be simple phrase or merely one-word.

  9. Transitions between Paragraphs- • Often neglected in memos and other short documents, the use of transitions can make your meaning clearer and your work score more highly. You may summarize, or show the reader the progression of the relationship existing in the document by using simple phrases or words ( Similarly, in addition, however, for example, expanding on its reasoning, in contrast) or even a sentence.

  10. Examples… • SIMILARLY also, in the same way, just as, likewise, similarly, so too. • CONTRAST/EXCEPTION but, however, on the one hand... nevertheless, still, yet, in contrast, on the contrary, conversely, in spite of

  11. More examples… • TIMEafter, at last, before, during earlier, later, simultaneously, meanwhile, now, then, at last, subsequently, currently • SEQUENCE/ORDER first, second, third, then, next • CAUSE AND EFFECT so, accordingly, therefore, thus • consequently, hence

  12. More examples… • EMPHASIS more importantly, indeed, in fact, truly, even • EXPANSION OF ONE IDEA additionally, also, as well, besides, further, furthermore, moreover, then again • CONCLUSION/SUMMARY finally, in brief, in conclusion, on the whole, in summary, thus, to conclude

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