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The Musculoskeletal system

Learn about the human skeleton, its purpose in providing structure, support, and protection to the body, and the different types of connective tissues involved. Discover how muscles and tendons enable movement, and understand common bone disorders like osteoporosis.

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The Musculoskeletal system

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  1. The Musculoskeletal system The Science of Human Movement

  2. If we had no bones • Video

  3. The human skeleton • The purpose of the skeleton is to provide structure, support and protection to the various organs and systems necessary for life • A typical adult human skeleton contains 206 bones

  4. The human skeleton • Do infants have more or fewer bones than adults?

  5. The human skeleton • Do infants have more or fewer bones than adults? • Answer: More! Many bones begin separated but fuse together as humans develop. For example, the bones of the skull begin separated to allow for brain growth and development. • (This is why babies’ heads are so vulnerable)

  6. The human skeleton • Do infants have more or fewer bones than adults?

  7. Structural features • The human skeleton consists of three types of connective tissue: • Bone Tissue • Ligaments • Cartilage The Right Knee

  8. Bones • Rigid and dense material which contains living cells and non-living minerals (mostly calcium and phosphorus). • Canals in bones contain nerves and blood vessels. The Right Knee

  9. Bones

  10. Bones • Due to the living cells, bone can regenerate if injured. • Only a small percentage of bone tissue is actually living The Right Knee

  11. Bone TISSUE

  12. Bone cells

  13. Ligaments • Tough, elastic connective tissues • Hold bones together, especially where extra support is necessary (ie. at joints) • Made up of collagen fibres(non-living), so regeneration after an injury is more difficult The Right Knee

  14. Cartilage • Made of special cells, surrounded by collagen fibres (stretchy elastic fibres). Limited regeneration following injury • Strong and flexible, but they contain special proteins that decrease friction • Located where bones contact each other The Right Knee

  15. How do we move? • In small groups, consider the following question:What does your body do, in order for you move from one place to another?

  16. Muscle • The human body contains three different types of muscle: • Cardiac Muscle is the muscle lining the walls of the heart. • Smooth Muscle is the muscle lining the digestive system (peristalsis) • The type specifically associated with movement is called Skeletal Muscle. (Bundle of Muscle fibres)

  17. Muscle

  18. Muscle

  19. So how do we move? • A Skeletal Muscle is connected to one or more bones via Tendons, which are like less elastic (but more stable) versions of ligaments. • Muscles exert a force on bones and cause them to move in response to signals from the nervous system. • Muscles can pull, but never push…

  20. Antagonist muscles • In order to return a bone to its original position, an opposing muscle, or antagonist muscle must pull it back

  21. Antagonist muscles • QWOP!!! • http://www.foddy.net/Athletics.html

  22. Osteoporosis • A bone disorder characterized by loss of calcium • Affects people of all ages, women are more prone to it

  23. Osteoporosis • Painless, but weaker bones make injuries more common, especially in the elderly • Consuming foods with lots of calcium and vitamin D help lessen the risk

  24. osteoporosis

  25. Sticks and stones… • Since the skeleton is central to the human body’s support and protection, it experiences many physical impacts and stresses. • Severe impacts can tear ligaments, tendons, muscles and fracture bones. • X-Rays are taken after a serious injury to determine if a bone is fractured, and how to best treat the injury.

  26. Sticks and stones… • Left Arm • Broken ulna (Transverse Fracture)

  27. In other news… • All vertebrates have musculoskeletal systems similar to ours, with muscles attached to bones beneath the skin. Invertebrates (worms, jellyfish etc.) have very different systems, since they have no rigid frame and can change shape.

  28. Exoskeletons Insects and arthropods wear their skeleton outside of their skin (called an exoskeleton).

  29. homework • Homework: pg 101 - #1-6

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