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The Golden Age of the Spanish Empire 1500-1650

The Golden Age of the Spanish Empire 1500-1650. A review of Chapter 17 Sections 1, 2, 3 and 4. The Rise and Decline of the Spanish Empire 1500s – 1600s. When we last saw Columbus…. Where did he land? Where did he think he landed? Conquistadors

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The Golden Age of the Spanish Empire 1500-1650

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  1. The Golden Age of the Spanish Empire1500-1650 A review of Chapter 17 Sections 1, 2, 3 and 4

  2. The Rise and Decline of the Spanish Empire 1500s – 1600s

  3. When we last saw Columbus… • Where did he land? Where did he think he landed? • Conquistadors • Cortes: How did he commit his troops to war with the Aztecs? • Results?

  4. The Columbian Exchange • A Crash Course…

  5. The thesis is your mast… • MAST : make astrong thesis • Deliberately decide on & Use Key Words UKW… • The mast must be attached firmly to the hull (intro)… • Without it, you cannot hoist sails and move…

  6. The thesis must present an argument. • Can I reasonably argue the opposite? • 1. No 3. Yes 2. • Although 1, 2 because of 3.

  7. Cortes meets the Aztecs • Disadvantages: • Overwhelmingly outnumbered • Not on his “home” territory • Advantages: • Myth of Quetzalcoatal • Weapons • steel swords • armor • crossbows • Horses • Donna Marina, or Malinche, the invaluable aide 16th c Spanish Drawing

  8. Montezuma Tenochtitlan (Mexico City today)

  9. Why would Montezuma let Cortes into Tenochtitlan? A: Cortes is the much feared God – Quetzalcoatl • After days of sight-seeing, Spaniards take Montezuma as prisoner • Then, Aztecs rise up against Spaniards – Montezuma seems to be a puppet • Who/what killed Montezuma? • Cortes Flees

  10. War! • Aztecs out for blood • 1521 – Cortes returns to Tenochtitlan with a growing army Where does he get more men ?

  11. Pizarro 1532 • Coast of Peru with 200 soldiers

  12. “Pizarro Seizing the Inca of Peru” (Atahualpa)by John Everett Millais

  13. Expedition Similarities: Cortes and Pizarro • Spaniards are outnumbered • European weapons are superior • Fervent desire for gold • Initial “friendly” visit is arranged • Local resentful natives help the Europeans • Outbreak of European diseases among Indians • Ambush and capture of kings • Death of Indian rulers; Pizarro orders Atahualpa’s death

  14. Spaniards Explored Widely • Why? • Gold, Glory, God (that is, to spread Christianity) • The Ageing Governor of PR: Ponce de Leon • What does he hope to find? • Desoto follows

  15. Gold in the Southwest? • Coronado – Great Plains, Grand Canyon “El Dorado”

  16. Philip II, son of Charles Vr. 1556-1598 “When Spain moves, the whole world trembles.” San Lorenzo de Le Escorial (see next slide) • Palace • Burial site of Spanish kings, • including Charles V and Philip II, also Philip III and IV. • Library and intellectual center for Counter Reformation

  17. Back in Spain, San Lorenzo de El Escorial

  18. Philip II’s Goals • Strengthen Spanish monarchy and _________ • In Greece his navy defeated the____________ at the Battle of Lepanto • ___________ were more difficult • Revolt in The Netherlands • Marries Mary Tudor, a Catholic, but then she dies… • And another Catholic queen is executed • England was a tempting target

  19. Queen Mary I - Bloody Mary • Became Queen after ________ • Restored _________ in England, persecuted Protestants • A political marriage to ______, King of Spain!!!

  20. Why did Spain become weaker? • Chain of Events… • F and I’s Inquisition drives out many middle class Jews • Unable to manufacture • Spending too much gold and silver • Inflation • Spanish Armada • Protestant forces

  21. 1588: A Historical Turning Point

  22. Don Quixote de la Mancha By Miguel de Cervantes • First novel ever! 1605 • Satirized chivalry and traditional ways • Decline of Spain • Servant: Sancho Panza

  23. Spanish Art and Literature • El Greco (the Greek) • Painted Catholic Saints and Martyrs • Look at the next two paintings, compare Rembrandt with El Greco • What do you notice about the style? The content?

  24. “The Burial of the Count of Orgaz” El Greco

  25. “The Adoration of the Shepherds” - El Greco

  26. Dutch Art: “The Clothmakers Guild” by Rembrandt, 1662

  27. Philip II Fights a RevolutionUnited Provinces of the Netherlands • Calvinist Netherlands rebel against Philip II • William of Orange (though he’s Catholic) – nationalism!!! War: 1568-78 • Dutch sacrifice :___________? • Nether=under or beneath (what?) • Southern provinces of the Spanish Netherlands remain Spanish: later becomes the nation of ___________

  28. The Netherlands flourishes • The individualistic Dutch • Officially Protestant • Tolerant Many Spanish Jews flee to Holland The Pilgrims go to Holland …before they go to Massachusetts (1620)

  29. Commercial RevolutionCapitalism Born • Amsterdam: “The Florence of the north” • Joint stock companies • Empire of commerce • Dutch East India Company • Tulips from Ottoman Empire • Spices and tea from _____ • Dutch West India Company • Sugar from St. Maarten

  30. Notable Joint Stock Companies • Dutch East India Company… • 17 Dutchmen put their money together • British East India Shipping Co. • (Which, in the movie, tried to capture the pirate Jack Sparrow!) • They dealt in sugar, spices, beaver pelts, and slaves (amongst others).

  31. In France, Mean Queen Catherine de Medici rules • Her Weakling Sons • Son king Charles has a Huguenot advisor • She orders his advisor assassinated • Sad, he tells her, leave none to accuse me. • St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre 1572 12,000Huguenots slaughtered in Paris alone • Up to 100,000 through months following in France

  32. Francois Dubois, Eye Witness Account of St. Barts Day Massacre

  33. Dynastic War in FranceBourbon v Guise Catherine di Medici, mother of King Charles & daughter of Lorenzo of Florence was unhappy with Hueguenot Henry marrying into the family… Henry IV of Navarre

  34. Henry IV Emerges in France, Catholic v Protestant War (1569-89) Philip II of Spain’s support of Catholic family backfired • Bourbon: Huguenot • Guise: Catholic • Results in: French nationalism • French choose a Bourbon, Henry IV • But Henry converts to Catholicism to promote unity especially in Paris King Henry issues the Edict of Nantes (1598) • Religious toleration • Huguenots may live in peace, just not in Paris

  35. Strengthening France In the Thirty Years WarCardinal Richelieu Increased French Nationalism • Henry’s son King Louis XIII is weak, takes throne at 9 • Cardinal Richelieu’s goals: • Restricted rights of Protestants • Allied Kings with middle class for support • Built up military to fight Hapsburgs

  36. What does Richelieu think of the common people of France? Read primary source in packet • He was both Duke of Richelieu & Cardinal in RCC • Effectively ran France from 1624-42

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