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In-stream Tidal Energy:

In-stream Tidal Energy: NW National Marine Renewable Energy Center University of Washington http://depts.washington.edu/nnmrec Jim Thomson Applied Physics Lab and Civil & Environmental Eng. CEE500 - October 22, 2009. Approaches to Tidal Energy. Barrage. Hydrokinetic.

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In-stream Tidal Energy:

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  1. In-stream Tidal Energy: NW National Marine Renewable Energy CenterUniversity of Washingtonhttp://depts.washington.edu/nnmrec Jim Thomson Applied Physics Lab and Civil & Environmental Eng. CEE500 - October 22, 2009

  2. Approaches to Tidal Energy Barrage Hydrokinetic • Comparable to hydroelectric • Very high cost and environmental footprint • Comparable to wind • Potentially lower cost and environmental footprint 001,04-23-09,TID

  3. Hydrokinetic Devices • No dominant design • Hundreds of concepts • Dozens of lab tests • Several field tests • No commercial projects Verdant Power New York, East River 5 m, 33 kW Clean Current Race Rocks, BC 3.5 m, ~65 kW Open Hydro EMEC, UK 6 m, ~150 kW MCT Strangford, UK 14x2 m, 1200 kW 002,04-23-09,TID

  4. Tidal Energy Projects in Puget Sound ~100-200 avg. MW practically recoverable Race Rocks Demonstration turbine Admiralty Inlet Proposed pilot project 10m diamter,~500 kW rated Marrowstone Island Proposed demonstration array 004,04-23-09,TID

  5. Motivation • I-937 obligations • Limited transmission capacity for new wind • Tidal energy advantages • Predictable resource • No CO2 emissions • No visual impact • Close to load centers Sun 005,04-23-09,TID

  6. Considerations • Existing use (fishing, shipping) • Potential environmental effects (noise production) • Cost (difficult environment) Power Cost 005,04-23-09,TID

  7. Northwest National Marine Energy Center • Oregon State University • Headquarters and Director (Bob Paasch) • Focus on Wave Energy • College of Engineering, Oceanography, Hatfield Marine Sciences Center • University of Washington • Co-Director (Phil Malte) • Focus on Tidal Energy • Mechanical Engineering, Oceanography, Applied Physics Lab • Partners • NREL, Snohomish PUD, BioSonics, Sound & Sea Technology, EPRI, Verdant Power, PNWER 007,04-23-09,TID

  8. Northwest National Marine Energy Center UW Focus areas (tidal): Environmental Effects Site Characterization and Instrumentation Array Optimization Materials (Survivability and Reliability) Faculty: Thomson (APL/CEE) & Polagye (ME) MS students: Chris Bassett, Jeff Epler, Sam Gooch APL staff: Joe Talbert, Alex deKlerk 007,04-23-09,TID

  9. Velocity Time Series Admiralty Inlet, April 2009 Power density is cube of velocity, P=½ρv3

  10. Turbulence Gooch et al, 2009

  11. Directionality Gooch et al, 2009

  12. Boundary Layer Effects Single profile Gooch et al, 2009

  13. Velocity Surveys Polagye, in progress 003,04-22-09,TID

  14. Underwater Noise: spectra Bassett, in progress

  15. Underwater Noise: sources Other ship traffic Other ship traffic Ferry crossings June 15th, 2009 Spectrogram Bassett, in progress

  16. Underwater Noise: sources Other ship traffic Ferry crossings June 15th, 2009 Spectrogram Bassett, in progress

  17. Underwater noise – cummulative Bassett, in progress

  18. Underwater pseudo-noise: pressure fluctuations at hydrophone Bassett, in progress

  19. Water quality: salinity, temperature, turbidity, oxygen, fluorescence, pH 003,04-22-09,TID

  20. Bottom characterization • Scoured seabed • Relatively flat • Cobbles and gravel • Sponges • Barnacles • Consistent with high currents and grab samples 005,04-22-09,TID

  21. Area 1: Environmental Effects – tidal range M. Kawase (UW-SO), B. Polagye (UW-ME), K. Thyng (UW-ME) Tidal range impact of 145 MW plant M2 amplitude change (mm) 1D Channel Model 009,04-23-09,TID

  22. Area 3: Array Optimization Profs. Aliseda (ME) & Riley (ME), MS student Teymour Javaherchi Single reference frame (SRF) simulations R/V Jack Robertson 013,04-23-09,TID

  23. Area 4: Survivability and Reliability M. Tuttle (ME), B. Polagye (ME) Before After Clean Current turbine: 6 months deployment 015,04-23-09,TID

  24. Area 4: Preliminary Materials Testing Carbon fiber in epoxy (uncoated) Glass fiber in epoxy (uncoated) High-copper coating (glass fiber in epoxy) Low-copper coating (glass fiber in epoxy) Inert coating (rubber) Aluminum (uncoated) Stainless steel (uncoated) 016,04-23-09,TID

  25. Questions? Northwest National Marine Renewable Energy Centernnmrec.oregonstate.edu (OSU - Wave) depts.washington.edu/nnmrec (UW - Tidal) 017,04-23-09,TID

  26. Area 2 Detail: Stationary Surveys Acoustic release (redundant recovery) Mini-CTD (salinity and temperature) 300 kHz ADCP (velocity) Sea Spider (heavy duty fiberglass frame) Hydrophone (background noise) Lead Weight (600 lbs) Programmed for 4 month deployment 012,04-23-09,TID

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