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The USSR: 1924 to 1991

The USSR: 1924 to 1991. What happened next?. 1920’s & 1930’s: USSR and Stalin.

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The USSR: 1924 to 1991

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  1. The USSR: 1924 to 1991 What happened next?

  2. 1920’s & 1930’s: USSR and Stalin • While Trotsky was the preferred candidate to replace Lenin, Stalin emerged as leader through suppressing Lenin’s Political Will, alienated Politburo members and manipulated power as the General Secretary of the Communist Party. • In the 1930’s nationwide purges got rid of his political enemies through executions and assassinations

  3. Stalin’s Economic & Social changes • Economically Stalin doubled industrial production to the detriment of the peasants who starved under new collective farms. • Socially Stalin restricted independent thought through the attacks on religion, enforcement of terror and created the Stalin cult worship

  4. 1940’s USSR and World War 2 • Nazi Germany invaded Russia in June 1941 and made rapid advances, besieging Leningrad, and reaching Moscow. • But Stalin’s scorched earth & steamroller tactics broke the Germans resolve, pushing them back all the way to Berlin in May 1945

  5. 1950’s to 1970’s Cold War • Stalin death in 1953 relaxed strict censorship. • New president Nikita Khrushchev criticised Stalin • He also intensified the ideological battle against capitalism and America in a cold war • They fought each other through the space & nuclear arms race, & supported friendly governments in local civil wars (Vietnam/Korea)

  6. Khrushchev and Fidel Castro

  7. 1980’s USSR & Gorbachev • Mikhail Gorbachev became leader in 1982, and introduced perestroika as a series of reforms to restructure the ailing Soviet economy • Through glasnost reforms he allowed political and personal freedoms • These freedoms allowed national minorities to declare independence

  8. 1991: USSR & Collapse • Gorbachev began to lose his political authority within his own party, which broke down the unity of the Union • On 1 January 1992, after 75 years of communist rule, the USSR ceased to exist

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