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National Polar-orbiting Environmental Operational Satellite System (NPOESS)

National Polar-orbiting Environmental Operational Satellite System (NPOESS). NAST-IER NPOESS Airborne Sounder Testbed July 10-11, 2003 NASA LaRC, Hampton, VA Stephen A. Mango Chief Scientist NPOESS Integrated Program Office. Why this Meeting ?. NPOESS. Needs an Airborne Sounding

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National Polar-orbiting Environmental Operational Satellite System (NPOESS)

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  1. National Polar-orbiting Environmental Operational Satellite System (NPOESS) NAST-IERNPOESS Airborne Sounder TestbedJuly 10-11, 2003NASA LaRC, Hampton, VAStephen A. MangoChief ScientistNPOESS Integrated Program Office

  2. Why this Meeting ?

  3. NPOESS • Needs an Airborne Sounding • Testbed for Risk Reduction • Calibration/Validation System i.e. a NAST !!! • Needs a NAST for the Duration of the Program (~2025) to accomplish Cal/Val Requirements !!! [to help accomplish Pre-Launch Risk Reduction/Verification of Concepts and the Post-Launch immediate intensive Cal/Val activities, the intermittent and the sustaining Cal/Val activities throughout the mission] • Present NAST System • Probably CAN NOT • Realistically SHOULD NOT “make it through” 2025 !!!

  4. NPOESS Airborne Sounder Testbed [NAST] NAST on ER-2 OBJECTIVES Simulate Candidate Spaceborne Instruments • (CrIS, ATMS, IASI) • Evaluate Key EDR Algorithms • Preview High Resolution Products (Spectral & Spatial) • Under Flight Calibration/Validation INSTRUMENTS [NAST-I & NAST-M] NAST-I: IR Interferometer [FTS] Sounder • NAST-M: Microwave Sounder* • Co-Boresighted IR and Microwave • IR Interferometer [FTS] Sounder 3.5 – 16 µm • High Spectral Resolution (1000 < du / u < 2000) • High Sensitivity in a cold scene • 0.10 K NEDT @ 14.9 µm (250K) • 0.15 K NEDT @ 8.2 µm (250K) • 0.20 K NEDT @ 4.7 µm (250K) • Microwave Sounder [3 Bands, 16 Channels] 54, 118, 183 GHz 20 km ALTITUDE NADIR 2.6 km IFOV ± 23 km GROUND COVERAGE ± 48 o Scan *Hurricane Bonnie Cross-Section

  5. NATIONAL POLAR-ORBITING OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL SATELLITE SYSTEM DMSP/POES to NPOESS Convergence / Evolution of Satellite Systems DMSP NPOESS POES

  6. NATIONAL POLAR-ORBITING OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL SATELLITE SYSTEM “Bridges EOS & NPOESS Climate Measurement Missions” NPOESS Preparatory Project [NPP] “Bridge from EOS to NPOESS” NPP AQUA LTAN 1330 EOS NPOESS

  7. F20 F19 F17 F16 F18 WindSat/Coriolis C1 NPP EOS-Aqua Satellite Transition SchedulePOES/DMSP/WindSat/Terra/Aqua/NPP/NPOESS CY 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 C6 0530 C3 NPOESS DMSP F15 C4 0730 - 1030 NPOESS NPOESS DMSP 17 METOP POES EOS-Terra Local Equatorial Crossing Time 1330 N 16 C2 N’ C5 NPOESS POES ------------------10 Year Mission Life------------------ • FY04 President’s Budget National Launch Forecast • Slopes indicate 10-90% need Deliveries Earliest Availability FY 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 As of: 15 DEC 2002 Earliest Probable Launch Date(s) Most probable launch date CVWG EB – Meeting 6/12/03 Slopes indicate 10-90% need) - - Projected End of Life based on 50% Need

  8. NATIONAL POLAR-ORBITING OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL SATELLITE SYSTEM NPOESS Status/Overview • Contract was awarded on August 23, 2002 to TRW (now Northrop Grumman ST) for $4.5B • Contract consists of: • 6 satellites (3 Orbits-one satellite + a replacement /orbit) • Taking over all government instrument contracts • Buying all “leveraged” instruments • Integrating GFE instruments (ADCS and SARSAT) • Building and deploying all ground systems • C3 and data retrieval • Data processing hardware and software • Software for worldwide users • Operating system through IOC (2011) • with option to 2019 ~2018 + 7 yr Lifetime = ~ 2025

  9. NATIONAL POLAR-ORBITING OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL SATELLITE SYSTEM CMIS - μwave imager/sounder VIIRS - vis/IR imager CrIS - IR sounder ATMS - μwave sounder OMPS - ozone mapper/profiler GPSOS - GPS occultation ADCS - data collection SESS - space environment APS - aerosol polarimeter SARSAT - search & rescue TSIS - solar irradiance ERBS - Earth radiation budget ALT - altimeter NPOESS Satellite System CMIS ATMS CrIS VIIRS 1330 1730 2130 VIIRS X X X CMIS X X X CrIS X X ATMS X X SESS X GPSOS X OMPS X ADCS X X SARSAT X X X ERBS X SS X X X ALT X TSIS X OMPS ERBS NPOESS 1330 LAN Configuration Single satellite design with common sensor locations

  10. NPOESS Single Satellite Solution • Common spacecraft design for all three planes • Common sensors in the same place for efficient integration and re-configuration Sun Sun Sun 1330 LTAN 2130 LTAN 1730 LTAN

  11. +Xs/c (VELOCITY) +Xs/c (VELOCITY) +Xs/c (VELOCITY) +Ys/c (ANTI-SUN) +Ys/c (ANTI-SUN) +Ys/c (ANTI-SUN) NPOESS Satellite Satellite has room for growth, but considerations are needed for FOV, area, etc. SMD ANTENNA GPSOS GVA CMIS SARSAT/ADCS ANTENNA - RX VIIRS SESS BEACON SS SS SESS UV DISK IMAGER ADCS ANTENNA - TX ATMS ATMS 1.8m2 (19ft2) LRD ANTENNA CrIS CrIS ERBS 1.8m2 (19ft2) 3.5m2 (38ft2) HRD ANTENNA SESS LEPS APS SARSAT ANTENNA - TX 2130 SESS EUV LIMB IMAGER TSIS 1330 OMPS 1730 NADIR S-BAND GPSOS GAVA = Available real estate

  12. NATIONAL POLAR-ORBITING OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL SATELLITE SYSTEM Environmental Data Records (EDRs) with Key Performance Parameters NPOESS/NPP Data Products • Raw Data Records (RDRs) • Similar to Level 1A for CEOS/NASA. • ~ 150 giga bytes per day (similar to Terra or Aqua). • Sensor Data Records (SDRs) • Similar to CEOS/NASA Level 1B • Environmental Data Records (EDRs) • Similar to CEOS/NASA Level 2. • NPP Provides 25 of 55 NPOESS EDRs. 12 Mbps 3 Mbps CrIS/ATMS APS VIIRS CMIS SES GPSOS ERBS TSIS ALT OMPS Flight on NPP Flight on NPOESS Cloud Top Pressure Cloud Top Temperature Downward Longwave Radiance (Sfc) Downward Shortwave Radiance(Sfc) Electric Field Electron Density Profile Energetic Ions Geomagnetic Field Ice Surface Temperature In-situ Plasma Fluctuations In-situ Plasma Temperature Ionospheric Scintillation Medium Energy Charged Particles Land Surface Temperature Net Heat Flux Net Solar Radiation (TOA) Neutral Density Profile Color/Chlorophyll Ocean Wave Characteristics Outgoing Longwave Radiation (TOA) Ozone - Total Column/Profile Atmospheric Vertical Moisture Profile Atmospheric Vertical Temp Profile Imagery Sea Surface Temperature Sea Surface Winds Soil Moisture Aerosol Optical Thickness Aerosol Particle Size Aerosol Refractive Index Albedo (Surface) Auroral Boundary Auroral Energy Deposition Auroral Imagery Cloud Base Height Cloud Cover/Layers Cloud Effective Particle Size Cloud Ice Water Path Cloud Liquid Water Cloud Optical Thickness Cloud Particle Size/Distribution Cloud Top Height Precipitable Water Precipitation Type/Rate Pressure (Surface/Profile) Sea Ice Characterization Sea Surface Height/Topography Snow Cover/Depth Solar Irradiance Supra-Thermal-Auroral Particles Surface Type Wind Stress Suspended Matter Total Water Content Vegetation Index VIIRS (23) CMIS (19) CrIS/ATMS (3) OMPS (1) SES (13) GPSOS (2) ERBS (5) TSIS (1) ALTIMETER (3) APS (4)

  13. # Sounders # Platforms # Complements of Other Sensors Issues, $ X X = “NAST” Multiplicities • What is done for NAST/NAST-IER must be Mission-Driven • Must plan NAST Missions to be able to consider NAST-IER • Not necessarily a “Zero-Sum Gain” i.e., NAST Missions plus NAST-IER Development /Missions not necessarily a “constant”

  14. Ready for NPP Launch (~ early 2007) Necessary Steps in NAST-IER Development/Shakedown Implies 4 years of FY Funding, FY04-FY07, at best What Missions must be accomplished with present system during this 4-year period ??????? (consistent with “Mission Driven Principle”) Possible NAST-IER Scenario

  15. ER-2 Proteus NPOESS/NPP Airborne Calibration and Science Validation Program NPP Calibration & Science Validation [IPO, NASA, NOAA, DoD, DOE, NSF] Wallops 98 CAMEX-3 NPP (CrIS, ATMS, VIIRS) EOS-Terra (AM) (CERES, MODIS, MOPITT) CAMEX-4 / Pre-CRYSTAL NPOESS (CrIS, ATMS, VIIRS) CRYSTAL Satellite Under Flights of Opportunity Wintex Wallops99 CHEM(HIRDLS, MLS, OMI, TES) EOS-Aqua(PM) (AIRS, AMSU, CERES, MODIS) Key: - past field missions - near term field missions - candidate future field missions - space-based sensors to be validated METOP (AMSU, GOME, HIRS, IASI, MHS) Cloud-IOP/ Terra Cal-Val & CART WV-IOP PICASSO-CENA CloudSat EO-3 GIFTS ????? CY: 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10

  16. NPOESS/NPP Calibration & Science Validation [Nominal ER-2 Payloads] • NAST-I or S-HIS : Scanning Michelson Interferometer • 9000 or 4500 Spectral Channels:3.5 – 16, or 25, microns “for CrIS” • 45 km swath (2.5 km nadir resolution from 65 kft) • NAST-M : 16 Channel Microwave Spectrometer • 50-60 GHz,113 -119, 183 GHz ( 1640-6000 microns) “for ATMS” • 65 km continuous swath (2.5 km resolution from 65 kft) • MIR: Millimeter Imaging Radiometer • 6 Spectral Channels (89, 150, 184, 186, 190, 220 Ghz) “for ATMS” • Spatially Scanning ( 50 km Swath/1.2 km nadir res. from 65 kft) • AMPR : Advanced Microwave Precipitation Radiometer • 4 Channels (10.7, 19.35, 37.1, 85.5 GHz) “for ATMS/CrIS” • Spatially Scanning ( 30 Km Swath/0.6-2.8 km res. From 65 kft) • MAS : MODIS Airborne Simulator • 50 Spectral Channels (0.55 – 14.2 Microns); 25 SW, 25 IR “for VIIRS” • Spatially Scanning ( 40 km Swath/50 m res. from 65 kft) • CLS : Cloud LIDAR System • 2 Spectral Channels (0.532 and 1.064 Microns) “for Sounders, Clouds & • Nadir Viewing (20 m horizontal resolution from 65 kft)Aerosols”

  17. NPP Calibration & Science Validation on Proteus • NAST-I : Scanning Michelson Interferometer • 3.5 - 16 microns (spectral resolution = 0.25 cm-1) • 45 km 13 element swath (2.5 km resolution from 65 Kft) • NAST-M : 16 Channel Microwave Spectrometer • 50-60 GHz and 113 -119 GHz ( 2300-6000 microns) • 65 km continuous swath (2.5 km resolution from 65 Kft) • FIRSC : Far Infrared Michelson Interferometer • Far IR (75-125 microns & 285-1000 microns @ 0.1 cm-1) • Nadir along track viewing ( 1.0 km resolution from 65 Kft) • MicroMaps : Gas Filter Correlation Radiometer • 4.6 micron, CO profiling • Nadir along track viewing ( 1.0 km resolution from 65 Kft) • Performance: • Ceiling 65-80 Kft (50.5Kft demonstrated to date) • Airspeed 300 ktas • Endurance 22 hrs (15.8 hrs demonstrated to date) • Operating Altitude: 100 to 65000 ft (Can Profile) • Maximum Payload: > 4500 lbs • Runway Required: 3000 ft by 50 ft • Seats: pilot, co-pilot, and scientist / sensor operator; cabin pressurized to 7000 ft

  18. NAST-I Vs Raob, AERI/GOES, Raman LIDAR

  19. Strawman NAST-IER Mid-IR Requirements Spectral Limits (SL): 3.5 to  15 m Spectral Resolution (SR): Selectable from  0.25 to 1.25 cm-1 Field of Regard (FOR):  2 km from 20 km flight altitude Ground Resolution (GR): Contiguous at  500 meters from 20 km flight altitude within a single FOR Cross-track Scan Coverage (CTSC): Selectable from 2.0 km to 20 km, depending on spectral resolution, from 20 km flight altitude for an aircraft speed of 400 kts Along-track Scan Coverage (ATSC): FOR contiguity at 20 km for an aircraft speed of 400 kts Noise Equivalent Temperature (NedT): Spectrally random brightness temperature error  0.25K @ 0.25 cm-1 spectral resolution within the spectral range of 4.5 to 14m for a scene temperature of  260 K . Absolute Error (AE): Absolute brightness temperature error  0.5K within the spectral range of 4.5 to 14m for scene temperatures within the 200-300 K range.

  20. Strawman NAST-IER Mid-IR Requirements (cont.) Scan Angle Coverag (SAC): Selectable over a range from Zenith (180) to Horizontal (at either + or - 90) to any combination of a set of viewing angle steps which together provide contiguous coverage over a range from  50 degrees about Nadir (0). Calibration Sources: Warm Blackbody, Ambient Blackbody, Zenith Sky View Lifetime:  10 years through parts replacement over time Design type: Modular to allow for detector, spatial and spectral resolution, and data system upgrades as technology matures throughout the lifetime of the NASTER Operational Requirements: Command Uplink/Data Downlink via over-the-horizon communications Aircraft Compatibility: ER-2 (20 km), Proteus (17 km), Global Hawk (20 km), WB-57 (18 km), and, if feasible, the new SCI space plane “Spaceship 1” (55 km).

  21. Sensor Specifications/Requirements[Spectral, Spatial, Temporal, etc]

  22. “ Let the Discussion Begin ”

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