NPOESS National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System January 26, 2005

1. NPOESSNational Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite SystemJanuary 26, 2005

2. METOP NPOESS NPOESS Specialized Satellites NPOESS A Tri-agency Effort to Leverage and Combine Environmental Satellite Activities Mission Provide a national, operational, polar-orbiting remote-sensing capability Achieve National Performance Review (NPR) savings by converging DoD, NOAA and NASA satellite programs Incorporate new technologies from NASA Encourage International Cooperation 0530 1330 0930 Local Equatorial Crossing Time Saves $1.6B through System Life Cycle compared to NPR target of $1.3B NPOESS is Good Government!

3. Establishing NPOESS • National Space Council Study - 1992 • National Performance Review (NPR) - September 1993 • Identified Need for Coordinated Effort • OSTP Convergence Implementation Plan submitted to Congress - May 1994 • Presidential Decision Directive/NSTC-2 - May 1994 • Directed Convergence of National Assets • Tri-agency Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) - May 1995 • Established Roles and Responsibilities of Department of Defense, Department of Commerce, and NASA • EUMETSAT/NOAA Initial Joint Polar Agreement - November 1998 • Brought in International Community

4. CMIS - μwave imager VIIRS - vis/IR imager CrIS - IR sounder ATMS - μwave sounder OMPS - ozone GPSOS - GPS occultation ADCS - data collection SESS - space environment APS - aerosol polarimeter SARSAT - search & rescue TSIS - solar irradiance ERBS - Earth radiation budget ALT - altimeter NPOESS Satellite CMIS ATMS CrIS VIIRS OMPS ERBS NPOESS 1330 Configuration Single satellite design with common sensor locations

5. Acronyms • IPO – Integrated Program Office: tri-agency entity that will build and operate NPOESS. • IDPS – Interface Data Processing Segment: IPO facility for processing NPOESS data to xDR’s. • xDR’s – data records - RDR’s: Raw Data Records - SDR’s: Sensor Data Records – calibrated geolocated - EDRs – Environmental Data Records – products. • NDE: NPOESS Data Exploitation program – will produce a limited set of addition products and facilitate use within NOAA. • OSDPD: Office of Satellite Data Processing and Distribution – responsible for delivering xDR’s and NDE products to internal users (primarily National Weather Service). • CLASS: NOAA Comprehensive Large Array Stewardship System (long term archive) being built at NGDC Boulder and NCDC Asheville.

6. Atmospheric EDR’s Resolution Per day • Atmospheric Vertical Moisture Profile CMIS/CrIS 15 310 MB • Atm. Vertical Temp. Profile to 0.5 mb CMIS 15 84 MB • Atm. Vertical Temp. Profile < 0.5 mb CMIS/CrIS 40 210 MB • Aerosol Optical Thickness (Land) VIIRS 9.6 1.3 GB • Aerosol Optical Thickness (Sea) VIIRS 1.6 51 GB • Aerosol Particle Size Parameter (Land)VIIRS 9.6 860 MB • Aerosol Particle Size Parameter (Sea) VIIRS 1.6 36 GB • Suspended Matter VIIRS 1.6 32 GB • Aerosol Refractive Index APS 10 1 MB • Ozone Total Column and Profile OMPS 50 0.2 MB • Ozone Total Profile OMPS 250 0.03 MB • Precipitable Water CMIS 25 25 MB • Precipitation Type and Rate CMIS 15 88 MB • Pressure Profile CMIS 25 200 MB • Total Water Content CMIS 20 100 MB

7. Cloud EDR’s Resolution Per day • Cloud Mask VIIRS 0.47 35 GB • Cloud Base Height VIIRS 8 2 GB • Cloud Cover / Layers VIIRS 10 600 MB • Cloud Effective Particle Size VIIRS 10 2 GB • Cloud Ice Water Path CMIS 50 7 MB • Cloud Liquid Water CMIS 20 40 MB • Cloud Optical Thickness VIIRS 10 2 GB • Cloud Top Height VIIRS 10 2 GB • Cloud Top Pressure VIIRS 7 2 GB • Cloud Top Temperature VIIRS 10 2 GB • Cloud Particle Size Distribution APS 15 2 MB

8. Ocean EDR’s Per day Resolution • Ice Surface Temperature VIIRS 1 40 GB • Ice Surface Temperature CMIS 25 25 MB • Net Heat Flux VIIRS 20 9 GB • Oean Color / Chlorophyll VIIRS 1 25 GB • Ocean Wave Characteristics ALT 10 0.1 MB • Sea Ice Characterization VIIRS 2.4 19 GB • Sea Ice Characterization CMIS 20 47 MB • Sea Surface Height ALT 15 0.04 MB • Global Sea Surface Wind Stress CMIS 20 40 MB • Sea Surface Temperature VIIRS 0.85 50 GB • Sea Surface Temperature CMIS 50 8 MB • Sea Surface Wind Speed CMIS 20 50 MB • Sea Surface Wind Direction CMIS 44 10 MB

9. Earth Radiation Budget EDR’s Resolution Per day • Cloud Base Height VIIRS 8 2 GB • Net Solar Radiation (TOA) ERBS 25 11 MB • Albedo (Surface) VIIRS 1 26 GB • Downward LW Radiation ERBS 25 25 MB • Downward SW Radiation ERBS 25 25 MB • Outgoing LW Radiation (TOA) ERBS 25 25 MB • Solar Irradiance TSIS 200 0.7 MB

10. Space Environment EDR’s Per day Resolution • Auroral Boundary SESS 10 308 MB • Auroral Energy Deposition SESS 10 259 MB • Auroral Imagery SESS 25 52 MB • Electric Field SESS 173 0.87 MB • Electron Density Profile SESS 951-651 8.7 MB • Electron Density Profile PSOS 671 6.2 MB • In-Situ Plasma Fluctuations SESS 173 1.2 MB • In-Situ Plasma Temperature SESS 671-951 0.09 MB • Ionospheric Scintillation SESS 385 0.17 MB • Ionospheric Scintillation GPSOS 385 0.19 MB • Neutral Density Profile SESS 1226 1.9 MB • Medium Energy Charged Particles SESS 274 0.78 MB • Energetic Ions SESS 335 0,23 MB • Supra-Thermal Auroral Particles SESS 122 3.48 MB

11. Land EDR’s Resolution Per day • Land Surface Temperature VIIRS 1 21 GB • Vegetation Index VIIRS 0.5 104 GB • Snow Cover / Depth VIIRS 1 89 GB • Snow Cover / Depth CMIS 20 33 MB • Surface Type VIIRS 1 47 GB • Active Fires VIIRS 1 52 GB • Imagery (five bands) VIIRS 0.47 41 GB • Day-Night Band (Low Light) VIIRS 0.75 53 GB • Soil Moisture VIIRS 0.85 89 MB • Soil Moisture CMIS 40 4 MB

12. Instruments inDevelopment/Production Phase Cross-track IR Sounder (CrIS) ITT Industries Visible/IR Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Raytheon SBRS Conical-scanning Microwave Imager/Sounder (CMIS) Boeing Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS) Northrop Grumman Ozone Mapping & Profiler Suite (OMPS) Ball Aerospace

13. Visible/Infrared Imager Radiometer Suite

14. VIIRS Design

15. Rotating Telescope VisNIR/DNB FPA SWMWIR & LWIR Dewar Half Angle Mirror FMA Imager Compact, All Reflective Optical Design Minimizes Stray Light

16. VIIRS Data Characteristics

17. NPOESS Preparatory Project (NPP)Risk Reduction Demo Launch in Late 2006 • NPP Spacecraft contract awarded to Ball Aerospace – May 2002 • Instrument Risk Reduction • Early delivery / instrument-level test / system-level integration and test • VIIRS - Vis/IR Imager Radiometer Suite (IPO) • CrIS - Cross-track IR Sounder (IPO) • ATMS - Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (NASA) • Provides lessons learned and allows time for any required modifications before NPOESS first launch • Ground System Risk Reduction • Early delivery and test of a subset of NPOESS-like ground system elements • Early User Evaluation of NPOESS data products • Provides algorithms / instrument verification and opportunities for instrument calibration / validation prior to first NPOESS launch • Allows for algorithm modification prior to first NPOESS launch • Continuity of data for NASA’s EOS Terra/Aqua missions

18. Spacecraft • ATMS • Ground Support • Equipment • VIIRS • CrIS The NPP System IPO Antenna Location X Launch Support Segment (LSS) • Launch vehicle • Launch support • Payload Processing • support Command, Control & Communication Segment (C3S) Interface Data Processing Segment (IDPS) • Manage Mission (joint funding) • Manage Satellite Operations • Space/Ground Comm • Data Routing & Retrieval Science Data Segment (SDS) • Ingest and validate raw SMD • Process RDRs, SDRs, EDRs • Perform operations cal proc • Provide data records to • Centrals, SDS & ADS • Ingest and validate RDRs • Process RDRs to Level 1B • Generate climate data • products • Perform science cal proc • Provide Climate data to ADS Archive & Distribution Segment (ADS) • Ingest & validate data records • Manage archive • Interface with users • Generate user products • Track user orders • Generate accounting reports -NOAA Funding • IPO Funding • NASA Funding

19. SafetyNet To Reduce Data Latency

20. IDPS Receives data from SafetyNet Processes and delivers xDR’s with one hour to OSDPD data pool OSDPD will deliver xDR’s plus limited set of additional products (NDE) to NOAA internal customers (primarily National Weather Service). CLASS Long Term Archive (NGDC Boulder and NCDC Asheville) will ingest data and make it available within 6-12 hours. NASA and scientific communities expected to access xDR’s through CLASS No set plans for providing near real time xDR’s outside of USA (requirements not yet expressed). NOAA’s Data Distribution Plans

21. Each satellite will produce approximately 2 TB of data per day NPP will not have direct broadcast NPOESS will have direct broadcast, but receiving station costs will make electronic data transfers attractive. Additional Considerations

22. NPP RDRs = 146.6 GB / day (116 GB VIIRS) compressed SDRs = 1.1 TB / day (1 TB VIIRS) uncompressed EDRs = 1.2 TB / day (1 TB VIIRS) uncompressed NPOESS (per satellite) RDRs = 160 GB / day (116 GB VIIRS) compressed SDRs = 1.2 TB / day (1 TB VIIRS) EDRs = 1.3 TB / day (1 TB VIIRS) Approximate Data Volumes

23. Global Coverage? Regional Coverage? Are there requirements for near real time data? RDR’s? SDR’s? EDR’s? Is There Interest in Receiving The Data From NOAA via TransPAC?

24. Does it make sense to deliver RDR’s instead of SDR’s and EDR’s? • Reduce data volume to be transferred. • Local processing to SDR’s and EDR’s. • RDR’s can be used for custom and research grade data products. • IDPS will not reprocess data – a requirement of the scientific community that could be distributed.