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Future Ecology: Harmony of Railway Transport and Environment

Future Ecology: Harmony of Railway Transport and Environment. Oleg Nazarov Deputy General Director, VNIIZhT. VNIIZhT (Russian Railway Research Institute). REDUCING THE INFLUENCE OF RUSSIAN RAILWAYS’ BUSINESS OPERATIONS ON THE ENVIRONMENT. Emissions into the air Greenhouse gas emissions

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Future Ecology: Harmony of Railway Transport and Environment

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  1. Future Ecology: Harmony of Railway Transport and Environment Oleg Nazarov Deputy General Director, VNIIZhT VNIIZhT (Russian Railway Research Institute)

  2. REDUCING THE INFLUENCE OF RUSSIAN RAILWAYS’ BUSINESS OPERATIONS ON THE ENVIRONMENT Emissions into the air Greenhouse gas emissions Discharge of polluted and waste water Creation of waste products % by 2003 2| ZD6| 11.10.2012 | VNIIZht

  3. AREAS OF REDUCTION OF MAN-MADE EFFECTS ON THE ENVIRONMENT BY ROLLING STOCK • Reducing emissions from diesel locomotives by transitioning to: • writing off out-of-date models of diesel locomotive with low environmental ratings • using catalytic converters • multipoint fuel injection • alternative fuel types • combined fuel • introduction of resource-saving technologies (Graflex). • Reducing emissions on electric traction services: • transferring freight traffic from diesel locomotive to electric traction • using recuperation • energy-saving rolling stock • Energy-saving algorithms for locomotive traffic management (performance charts, unmanned trains). 3| ZD6 | 11.10.2012 | VNIIZhT

  4. AREAS OF REDUCTION OF MAN-MADE EFFECTS ON THE ENVIRONMENT BY FIXED INSTALLATIONS • Reducing emissions from boiler houses by: • - transitioning to natural gas or clean coal • - using alternative types of energy • Reducing emissions of polluted waste water by: • - closed systems of water use • - highly efficient waste-free installations for cleaning waste water • Reducing waste products by: • - waste-free repair technologies • - expanding the range of recycled waste products • Reducing pollution of infrastructure land by: • - using environmentally clean railway equipment • - transporting oil in tanks with protected discharge devices • - monitoring pollution of infrastructure land, identifying polluting companies and getting polluted land cleaned up in a timely manner by specialist companies. 4| ZD6 | 11.10.2012 | VNIIZhT

  5. ENERGY CONSUMPTIONS BY MEANS OF SPEED OPTIMIZATIONBETWEEN STATIONS Determination of speed between station travel time by means of energy optimaltrain performance (EТР) Speed station travel timedetermination by commontrain performance (ТР) ifand and also if The only course is selected mathematically responding both the restrictions to trajection parameters, andprovidingminimum consumptions of tracking energy if Train speed – V(t) on the left side is determined for given: locomotive power – Fт, speed train resistance – Wп and conditions, that train speedat the beginning isequal- Vо. Speed station travel time, min 7 13 11 22 16 20 ЭТР 1:29 8 15 13 23 13 17 ТР 1:29 Electric energy consumptions of track sides, kW 94 220 195 330 270 225 1334 85 180 160 315 390 310 1440 5 5| ZD6 | 11.10.2012 | VNIIZhT

  6. RESULTS OF CALCULATION - REDISTRIBUTION OF TIME BETWEEN STATIONS AND ENERGY CONSUMPTION • Reduction of Energy consumptionoccurs by: • The maximum use of kinetic energy – the maximum time of traffic for slowing period; • The maximum reduction of transit length with high speed. trafficonenergy-optimizedtime of motion trafficon scheduledtime of motion consumptiononenergy-optimizedtime of motion consumptionon scheduledtime of motion 6 6| ZD6 | 11.10.2012 | VNIIZhT

  7. SCHEME OFINTERACTION WITHAS «ENERGOGRAF» Traffic data (DBUSAVP) ARMGrafista 2 4 1 • Train path data • Train set data • Locomotive data Preparation of traffic data base Optimized pathsof schedules ASEnergograf (optimization ofmotion times between stations, solution of problem paths) 3 5 Autorun 7 7| ZD6 | 11.10.2012 | VNIIZhT

  8. PROSPECTS FOR DEVELOPING POWER UNITS FOR INDEPENDENT LOCOMOTIVES Hydrogen power Energy storage systems Economic and environmental ratings Gas turbine engine Natural gas Gas and diesel “Environmental diesel” Modern diesel YEARS 8| ZD6 | 11.10.2012 | VNIIZhT

  9. RESULTS OF OPERATING GAS-DIESEL LOCOMOTIVES PROTOTYPES • Replacement of up to 50% of diesel fuel with natural gas; confirmed by operation of diesel locomotives on October Railways (50%) and Sverdlovsk Railways (36%). • Savings of up to 25% on expenditure on acquired diesel fuel. • Improvement in environmental characteristics. • Traction characteristics of diesel locomotive maintained. • Use of natural gas beginning with 10% of nominal power of diesel (2nd position on main controller). • Possibility of converting existing diesel shunting locomotives to operating on natural gas. Shunting loco CME3G 9| ZD6 | 11.10.2012 | VNIIZhT

  10. GAS TURBINE POWER UNITS • High coefficient of performance in a wide range of loads. • Environmentally friendly ratings. • Multi-fuel capability. Possibility of working 100% on natural gas. • Reduced expenditure on technical servicing and maintenance. • Minimal expenditure on powering auxiliary loads. • No cooling system or lubrication system required. 10| ZD6 | 11.10.2012 | VNIIZhT

  11. POWER INSTALLATION WORKING ON FUEL CELLS FOR OPERATING IN TUNNELS Electrochemical generator «Foton» (fuel cell) In fuel cells chemical fuel energy transforms directly into electric energy, unlike thermal engines,where transformation process of chemical energy proceeds through several intermediate stages 11| ZD6 | 11.10.2012 | VNIIZhT

  12. Energy car equipment - Fourelectrochemicalgenerators «Foton» - 12 balloonsof 650 lforcompressed hydrogen storage - 6 balloonsof 650 lforcompressedoxygen storage - 4 balloonsof 40 lforcompressednitrogen storage - Electronic control and safety system - Pressure, temperature, current, voltage, gas leakage sensors - Thermoregulation circuit - Reburning hydrogen block - Twonickel-cadmiumbatteries - Water of reactioncollectors - Gearboxes, valves, gates, connecting tubes, adapters - General assembly elements 12| ZD6 | 11.10.2012 | VNIIZhT

  13. USE OF ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY, RESOURCE-SAVING TECHNICAL SOLUTIONS TK41V-21 or TK32-09 turbocharger Electronic rotation speed regulator Gasket rings made from industrial fluoro rubber Graflex thermal wear-resistant gaskets Anti-scale hydromagnetic filters and hydrocyclone in cooling system sludge separator Full-flow self-cleaning oil filter Automatic self-cleaning fuel filter Three-piece oil scrapers 13| ZD6 | 11.10.2012 | VNIIZhT

  14. PROPOSAL FOR JOINT WORK • Developing programmes for use of natural gas as engine fuel in rail transport. • Creating test models of power units operating on natural gas and of gas locomotives. • Equipping pilot areas with gas locomotives and gas refuelling infrastructure. • Research into future power units for rolling stock. • Defining the profile of new rolling stock in the light of scientific and technical developments for each period of time examined. • Carrying out joint research in fire safety. • Harmonising national regulatory documents in the field of fire safety, health and safety at work, and environmental protection. 14| ZD6| 11.10.2012 | VNIIZhT

  15. Thank you for your interest 15| ZD6 | 11.10.2012 | VNIIZhT

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