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The Arab Kingdom of the Umayyads

The Arab Kingdom of the Umayyads. HIST 1007 9/18/13. Shi’ism. Shi’ite `Ali – Partisans of `Ali Should the caliph be a descendant of the Prophet Muhammad? Ahl al- bayt Fatima + `Ali Imamate When do these ideas develop?. Mu`awiyah and the Umayyads. Mu`awiyah (r. 661-680)

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The Arab Kingdom of the Umayyads

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  1. The Arab Kingdom of the Umayyads HIST 1007 9/18/13

  2. Shi’ism • Shi’ite `Ali – Partisans of `Ali • Should the caliph be a descendant of the Prophet Muhammad? • Ahl al-bayt • Fatima + `Ali • Imamate • When do these ideas develop?

  3. Mu`awiyah and the Umayyads • Mu`awiyah (r. 661-680) • End of shura, becomes caliph by treaty • Moves capital to Damascus • Return of Arab tribal patriarchy • Strength of the state over religiosity • Jihad state • 674-678 – Siege of Constantinople

  4. Yazid and the Second Fitna • Yazid b. Mu`awiyah (r. 680-683) • Hereditary Caliphate • What does this do to the caliphate? • Husayn b. `Ali and Karbala (680) • Shi’ism and Martyrdom

  5. Yazid and the Second Fitna • Revolt of `Abdallah b. al-Zubayr (680-692) • Yazid b. Mu`awiyah (r. 680-683) • Mu`awiyah II b. Yazid (r. 683-684) • Marwan I b. al-Hakam (r. 684-685) • `Abd al-Malik b. Marwan (r. 685-705) • Move from Sufyanids to Marwanids

  6. `Abd al-Malik b. Marwan (r. 685-705) • Fifth Umayyad Caliph, first to rule a unified caliphate • Imperial Islam • Syrian military • Arabic as official language • Reformed currency

  7. Dome of the Rock (691)

  8. Dome of the Rock

  9. Dome of the Rock

  10. Dome of the Rock

  11. Umayyad Mosque of Damascus (completed in 715)

  12. Umayyad Mosque of Damascus

  13. Umayyad Mosque of Damascus

  14. Umayyad Mosque of Damascus

  15. Umayyad Mosque of Damascus

  16. Qasr `Amra (early 8th century)

  17. Qasr `Amra

  18. Qasr `Amra

  19. Qasr `Amra

  20. Qasr al-Khayr al-Sharqi

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