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English Language Development

English Language Development. Approaches, Methods & Techniques Jill Kerper Mora, Ph.D. Designed by Vo Duy Minh. Origins of Approaches. Behavioral psychology Innatists theories of cognitive psychology Interactivist theories of learning & L2 acquisition. Approach.

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English Language Development

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  1. English Language Development • Approaches, Methods & Techniques • Jill Kerper Mora, Ph.D. • Designed by Vo Duy Minh

  2. Origins of Approaches • Behavioral psychology • Innatists theories of cognitive psychology • Interactivist theories of learning & L2 acquisition

  3. Approach • A theory of the nature of language: Basic units of structure, definition of L2 proficiency. • A theory of the nature of language learning: Psycho-linguistics & cognitive process, conditions of success.

  4. Design • General & specific objectives • A course sequence or progression • Types of learning & teaching activities • Learner roles • Teacher roles • Role of instructional materials

  5. Procedures • Classroom techniques & practices observed when method is used • Interaction patterns among teacher & learners • Resources in terms of time, space, equipments

  6. Orientations to L2 learning • Structural / Linguistic • Cognitive • Affective / Motivation • Functional / Communicative

  7. Structural Linguistic Approaches • Based on structure of language and contrasts between languages. • Isolates grammatical and syntactic elements to teach inductively or deductively in a predetermined sequence. • Often involves “learning about the language” in order to learn the language.

  8. Cognitive Approaches • L2 objectives selected according to the concepts & techniques that facilitate generalization language, rules that apply. • Focus on students’ learning styles, “competence” vs “performance” in the language

  9. Affective / Motivational Approaches • Based on concepts adapted from counseling and social psychology. • Focus on the pre-dispositions of learner that enhance or inhibit learning. • Reduce stress & anxiety to increase absorption of language and enjoyment of learning. • Emphasize identification with native speakers of L2.

  10. Functional / Communicative Approaches • Language structures selected according to their utility in achieving a communicative purpose. • Focus is on transmitting & receiving the message. • Students participate at their own level of skill and comprehension.

  11. The Audio-lingual MethodGuiding Principles • Structural patterns taught using repetition drills so material is “over-learned” • Teaching points based on contrastive linguistics. • Students errors prevented & correct forms reinforced. • Grammar taught inductively.

  12. The Audio-lingual MethodLesson • New material presented in dialogue from. • Structures & skills are sequenced. • Vocabulary is controlled • Patterns are taught using repetition & drill.

  13. Total Physical ResponseGuiding Principles • Uses psycho-motor systems to teach vocabulary & sentence forms. • Students not forced to speak until ready. • Command forms used to convey information. • Builds gradually in complexity. • Supports kinesthetic learning style.

  14. Steps in Total Physical Response • 1 – Teacher says command & performs the action. • 2 – Teacher says command - Both teacher and students perform the action. • 3 – Teacher says command – Students performs action. • 4 – Teacher tells one student to perform action. • 5 – Reserve the roles or students give back other commands

  15. Communicative ApproachGuiding Principles • Comprehension precedes production. • Production emerges in stages. • Goal is meaningful communication. • Affective filter is lowered • Language is “acquired” through interaction as well as “learned” from the teacher.

  16. Communicative ApproachLesson • Practical “real life” situations & focus on functions of language. • Cooperative groups, pairs, pear-tutoring increase interaction • No restrictions placed on use of L1 What ...? What? You will be my ... WIFE

  17. Communicative ApproachLesson Planning • Communication goals • Specific vocabulary & expressions needed to accomplish communicative intent. • Visuals, graphs or displays. • Dialogue prepared by teacher or students.

  18. The Natural ApproachThe Four Language Levels • Pre-production Early-production Speech emergence Intermediate fluency

  19. The Natural ApproachLesson planning • The four language skills: • Listening • Speaking • Reading • Writing

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