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Historical Development of the English Language

Historical Development of the English Language. Proto-Indo-European. Centum Languages. Satem Languages. Celtic. Germanic. Continental. Insular. High German. Low German. German Austrian Yiddish. Goidelic. Britannic. Dutch Afrikaans. Frisian ENGLISH. Welsh Cornish Breton. Irish

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Historical Development of the English Language

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  1. Historical Development of the English Language

  2. Proto-Indo-European Centum Languages Satem Languages Celtic Germanic Continental Insular High German Low German German Austrian Yiddish Goidelic Britannic Dutch Afrikaans Frisian ENGLISH Welsh Cornish Breton Irish Scots Gaelic Manx

  3. England Before the English • Arrival of the Celts • 55 B.C. Julius Caesar & England • 43 A.D. Emperor Claudius & The Roman Conquest • 410 A.D. Departure of the romans

  4. The Arrival of the English • The Germanic Invasions A.D. 449 • Angles, Saxons, Jutes and Frisians • Generic concept of Saxon • Predominance of the Angles

  5. The Viking Invasions • The Danes 787 A.D. • 865 A.D. Conquest of northeast England • 1016 King Cnut on the English Throne

  6. The Conqueror • 1042 Throne returns to the English: Edward The Confessor. • Harold Godwineson, Harold Haardraade, William, Duke of Normandy • Battle of Hastings

  7. Middle English • 1066 – Willaim the Conqueror defeats Harold Godwineson and obtains the Throne of England. • (10 Years to obtain full control of England) • Crusades Begin 1095 • 1189 – 1199 - King Richard Lionheart • -King John (John LackLand) Loss of Terriotories of Normandy in 1204 • -Magna Carta

  8. Henry III – Francophilia • Edward III – Hundred Years War 1337 – 1483 • The Black Death 1348 – 1351 1/3 Population Died, English began being taught in schools. • 1386 – 1400 Chaucer and the Canterbury Tales • 1455 – 1485 Wars of the Roses, York = White Rose, Lancaster = Red Rose, - Rise of the House of Tudor • 1474 - First Printing press, William Caxton in Westminster

  9. Early Modern English 1500 – 1800 Approximately • The Introduction and Dissemination of the Printing Press (William Caxton 1476) • - Most Prints in London area • - Middle and Low classes wanted to read • The Renaissance • Interest in classical authors: Plato, Plutarch, Virgil, Ovid, Homer • Also religious books: Erasmus, Calvin, Martin Luther written originally in latin • Comparison of English with Latin

  10. The Protestant Reformation • Henry VIII (1509 – 1547) • Rise of Protestant religions. • King Jame’s Bible (1611) • Church no longer monopolized education • The Rise of Nationalism • Late 16th century • Elizabeth I (excommunicated 1570) • Pride in English

  11. The Enclosures • Late 15th century – early 17th century • Eviction of tenants • Migrations to the cities • Rise of the middle class • Manuals for manners • Exploration and Colonization • 17th – 19th centuries • English expansion after the defeat of the Spanish armada • New loanwords from non-indoeuropean languages

  12. The Industrial Revolution • James Watt (Steam engine) • Urbanization intensified • Technical vocabulary • Decrease of literacy • The American Revolution • Emergence of first multiple national Englishes

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