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THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE

THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE. STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT. Old English ( 500-1066) Middle English (1066-1470) Early Modern English (1470-1650) Modern English (1650 - ). OLD ENGLISH (500-1066). A West-Germanic language

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THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE

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  1. THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE

  2. STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT • Old English ( 500-1066) • Middle English (1066-1470) • Early Modern English (1470-1650) • Modern English (1650 - )

  3. OLD ENGLISH (500-1066) • A West-Germanic language • Called Englisc by those who spoke it, namely the Angles, Angelcynn or Angelfolc. • They called their country Englaland.

  4. Old English was split into four different dialects: • West Saxon • Mercian • Northumbrian • Kentish

  5. The Old English language was influenced by other languages: • Old Norse (the Vikings) • Get, leg, root, sky, same • Celtic • Names like ”Avon”, ”Thames”

  6. Cases Old English had five cases (compared to only four in Old Norse): • nominative • accusative • dativ • genitive • instrumental Remnants of these cases are to be found only in a few pronouns in modern English.

  7. BEOWULF • The most famous written text in Old English is the epic poem Beowulf. • It is a mixture of facts and fiction from the time when the Anglo-Saxons began migrating and settling in present day England. • Is by many considered to be England’s national epic.

  8. OUR FATHER Fæder ure, ðuðeeartonheofenum, si ðinnamagehalgod; to-becumeðinrice; geweorþeðinwillaoneorðanswaswaonheofenum. Urne gedæghwamlicanhlafsyleusto-deag, and forgyfus ure gyltas swaswaweforgifaþurumgyltendum, ane ne gelædeðuusoncostnunge, acalysusofyfle. Amen. http://www.georgetown.edu/faculty/ballc/oe/paternoster-oe.html OurFather, Who art in heaven, Hallowed be Thy Name. Thy Kingdom come. Thy Will be done, onearth as it is in Heaven. Giveusthisdayourdailybread. And forgiveusourtrespasses, as weforgivethosewhotrespassagainst us.And lead us not intotemptation,butdeliverus from evil. Amen.

  9. MIDDLE ENGLISH (1066-1470) • The spokenlanguageofthemajorityofthepeople. • Latin wasthelanguageoftheChurch. • Angel, mass, pope, priest • Frenchwasthelanguageofcourtlylife, literature and documentation. • Culture, theatre, economy, parliament

  10. GEOFFREY CHAUCER (1343-1400) The Canterbury Tales: • A collectionofstories ”told” by a collectionofpilgrimson a pilgrimage from Southwark to Canterbury to visittheshrineof Saint Thomas Becket at Canterbury Cathedral. • The tales areconsidered to be oneofthe most influentialworks in Western literature. • The WifeofBath’s Tale: http://classiclit.about.com/library/bl-etexts/gchaucer/bl-gchau-can-bath.htm

  11. EARLY MODERN ENGLISH (1470-1650) • 1470: The printing press was invented; more books were produced and people had more access to books. • The language was much like the English that we know today, but there are some differences in spelling and grammar.

  12. WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE (1565-1616) Here you are to find your own facts about ”the Bard”. Use the Internet or other resources available.

  13. Shakespeare’sSonnet no.18Shall I CompareThee to a Summer’s Day Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?Thou art more lovely and more temperate.Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,And summer's lease hath all too short a date.Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,And often is his gold complexion dimmed;And every fair from fair sometime declines,By chance, or nature's changing course untrimmed.But thy eternal summer shall not fadeNor lose possession of that fair thou ow'st;Nor shall death brag thou wand'rest in his shade,When in eternal lines to time thou grow'st,    So long as men can breathe or eyes can see,    So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.

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