The History of the English Language Research paper
Copy this thesis on to a card. It is the last sentence of your introduction. • The English language developed over a long period of time and is divided into three periods: Old English, Middle English, and Modern English (Beers, 55). • and M
Standard • 1.2 Understand the most important points in the history of English language and use common word origins to determine the historical influences on English word meanings.
Choosing a website • .Org (non-profit) • .Edu (education) • .gov (government) • Better than .com • www.bibme.org • Google I feel lucky
Research Question • How did the English language develop and why is it the largest in the world?
Thesis Statement • The English language developed over a long period of time and may divided into three periods: Old, Middle, and Modern English.
etymology • The study of word origins or the history of a word • (www.brainpop.com)
Map of Europe
England
The Celts Old English #1 • Celtic language first in Britain. • Scots, Irish, Welsh descendants of Celtic
Romans: Julius Ceasar They spoke Latin; He conquered, but they did not leave their language since Rome was falling. • Romance Languages: French, Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, Romanian.
#1Old English begins when the Anglos, Saxons, Jutes invade England in 500 A.D. (Light History) • Old English is an Anglo-Saxon Germanic language
Old English Source #3 • A.D. 450-1066 • In the 5th century, the tribes of Anglo-Saxons from Northern Europe arrived in Britain. They found a Celtic speaking people who had earlier been conquered by the Romans. They combined their Germanic language with the Celtic and started to form a new language (Beers, 55). Old English continued on the next slide.
#3 Old English Continued (p. 55) • A.D. 450-1066 • Then the Vikings or Norsemen who spoke Norse arrived from Scandinavia. These languages (Celtic, Anglo-Saxon Germanic, Norse) formed Old English, an oral language. • Mostly one syllable words • The written language was Latin. • Horse, Night and Wife are O.E. • (Beers, 55)
#3 Old English Continued (p. 55) • A.D. 450-1066 • Then the Vikings or Norsemen who spoke Norse arrived from Scandinavia came. These languages formed Old English, an oral language. • The written language was Latin. • Horse, Night and Wife are O.E. • (Beers, 55)
Beowulf, an Old English Epic Poem Source #1 • Most famous work of Old English literature
Source 1(Light History) • Almost every one syllable word we speak is from Anglo Saxon German • Old English 500-1065AD
Middle English 1066-1550AD • In 1066, William the Conqueror from Normandy, France invades England.
William the Conqueror from Normandy, France
The Norman Conquest/The Battle of Hastings
England becomes bilingual during Middle English • English: ox, sheep, swine, calf • French: beef, mutton, pork, veal • The rich and upper class spoke French Latin, but the lower class spoke Anglo-Saxon German (Beers, 55).
Middle English #3 • Three words that survive today from French/Latin Middle English are government, justice, and literature (Beers, 55).
Chaucer was a 14th century author of The Canterbury Tales written in Middle English
Caxton invented the Printing Press in 1476
Modern English is 1500 to present • Renaissance was the rebirth of interest Greek and Roman art, literature • Astro-star • Naut-sailor • Astronaut
Modern English • Great vowel shift • In Middle English the last vowel of a word was emphasized, but in Modern English, the first vowel is typically stressed.
William Shakespeare • Used 21,500 different words • 3,000 invented words
Shakespeare invented: • Words Shakespeare Invented • Academeaccusedaddictionadvertisingamazementarouseassassinationbackingbanditbedroombeachedbesmirchbirthplaceblanketbloodstainedbarefacedblushingbetbumpbuzzercakedcaterchampioncircumstantial
Shakespeare invented these • Coldbloodedcompromisecourtshipcountlesscriticdauntlessdawndeafeningdiscontentdisheartendruggeddwindleepilepticequivocalelbowexcitementexposureeyeballfashionablefixtureflawedfrugalgenerousgloomygossipgreen eyedgusthinthob nobhurriedimpede impartial invulnerablejadedlabellacklusterlaughablelonely
Shakespeare • Lowerluggagelustrousmadcapmajesticmarketablemetamorphizemimicmonumentalmoonbeammountaineernegotiatenoiselessobsceneobsequiouslyodeolympianoutbreakpanderspedantpremeditatedpukingradiancerantremorse lesssavageryscufflesecureskim milksubmergesummitswaggertorturetranquilundressunrealvariedvaultingworthlesszanygnarledgrovel
King James Bible 1604
1755 Johnson’s Dictionary
Johnson’s Dictionary helped standardize spelling
Good • Good, gode, guod, guode, goode, goed, gowd, godd, guid guide, gud, gwde, guyd, gewd • 7 years in the making. This dictionary helped standardize spelling.
Source #1 Engel, Elliot. A Light History of the English Language. Raleigh: Media Consultants, 1997
Source # 2 • www.brainpop.com • Etymology- the history of a word or word origin
Source # 3 Works Cited • Beers, Kylene. Holt Literature and Language Arts. Austin: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 2001.
