1. Membrane distillationTechnology & Applications Hein Weijdema, CTO May 2014

2. Membrane Distillation • Membrane Distillation is a breakthrough technology with unique characteristics • It can treat almost any water source • It runs on low-grade heat • It produces pure distillate • It has high recovery ratios

4. A novel technology: membrane + thermal separation

5. A novel technology: membrane + thermal separation Condensation: re-use of heat Vacuum: lower boiling point = lower temp 2nd Barrier: Hydrophobic membrane Large Surface: thin films = small volume

6. A novel technology: membrane + thermal separation • Principle: • Separation by differences in vapor pressure using hydrophobic membranes (membrane distillation) • Characteristics • Thermal separation process: non sensitive to concentration or particle size • Operating at low pressure (vacuum): the process can be driven by low temperature heat • Enlarge surface areas (A): thin water films • Hydrophobic membranes (B): guarantee 100% separation • Re-use of the heat (C): multi-stage process • Plastic-made (PP & PTFE): no corrosion, dry membranes • No leakages: friction welding manufacturing Feed water vacuum C B A

7. A novel technology: membrane + thermal separation  Repetition of individual units into multi-stage systems (below) Concentrate Low temp heat Feed Distillate • Feed thermally separated into distillate and concentrate • System powered by low grade heat (vacuum) • Multi-stage process: re-use of heat

8. Schematic of the process Heat Distillate Adjustable Recovery Ratio Feed Concentrate Cooling

10. Aquaver products portfolio certified product

11. Aquaver MDS-1000 Processing modules Feed Input Cooling Distillate output + Brine output Heating

12. Detail of control unit

14. Sustainable desalination Waste Heat Diesel Generator Seawater • For small communities (up to 5000 people) • With existing or new diesel generator installations • For permanent or emergency situations

15. Brine treatment Technology insensitive to concentration levels or particle size Recovery ratio (RR): close to saturation point Distillate quality: 1µS/cm

16. Landfill leachate Landfill leachate: landfill waste + water. It contains: organic and inorganic chemicals, heavy metals, pathogens, etc. Recovery ratio (RR): 90% Distillate quality: <10µS/cm

17. Industrial and difficult-to-treat waters • Wastewater industry • Feed input: • Salinity: 55 gr/l • Feed contains Ca, K, Na, SiO2, HCO3, SO4, etc. • Results: • Recovery ratio (RR) = up to 80% (approaching crystallization limit) • Pure distillate production • Nanoparticles wastewater • Feed input: • Concentration SiO2: 316 mg/l • Average particle size: 45.5nm • Results: • Recovery ratio (RR) = 96% • Distillate: <2mg/l SiO2 (below detection limit) • Concentrate SiO2: 8800 mg/l

18. Industry: Waste to Value Reduction Value: Waste heat Distillate Concentrate H2O Waste water Reduction

19. Industry Case 1: demiwater from waste heat Before: With Aquaver systems: Heat discharge Distillate production Rainwater discharge demiwater

20. Industry Case 2: Concentration of waste or product Before: With Aquaver systems: Heat discharge Distillate production Discharge Discharge

21. Industry Case 3: Material recovery Before: With Aquaver systems: Material recovery Heat discharge Distillate production Discharge

22. Industry Case 4: Combiningtechnologies Before: With Aquaver systems: Heat discharge Distillate production Electricity Electricity Discharge Discharge

23. Case study I: Sustainable desalination Challenge: Sustainable seawater desalination Solution: Aquaver MDS 500 powered by waste heat from diesel generator Gulhi, Maldives MDS 500 at Gulhi desalination plant

24. Case study II: Landfill leachate Challenge: Reduce landfill leachate water footprint in a robust and economical way Solution: Aquaver MDS 1000 driven by low-grade heat MDS 1000 at Machiels water treatment plant

26. About Aquaver • Aquaver is based in the Netherlands. Part of the Ecover Group, a global organization with a strong sustainability track record. • Developed world’s first commercial systems based on membrane distillation. • Products with wide range of applications. • Marketing, sales and maintenance coordinated with our local partners.

27. Oosteinde 114, 2271 EJ Voorburg, The Netherlands Tel.: +31 703 002 570 E-mail: info@aquaver.com Website: www.aquaver.com