The Industrial Revolution

1. The Industrial Revolution

2. Essential Questions • How did the industrial revolution begin and spread? • How did transportation and communication improve? • How did the US economy expand?

3. The Industrial Revolution • Industrial Revolution: An ongoing effort over many decades to increase production by using machines rather than the power of humans or animals.

4. Industrial Revolution • British inventors started the industrial revolution. • Inventions changed the way cloth was made. • Increase efficiency and increase profits. Power loom Water frame Spinning jenny

5. Coming to America • British guarded their industrial secrets. • Samuel Slater sneaked out of the country. • Built machines from memory in 1790. • By 1814, America had 240 mills like Slater's.

6. Interchangeable Parts • Eli Whitney built 10,000 rifles for the American military using interchangeable parts - all parts are made to an exact standard. Before – one gunsmith makes eachpart After – each part is made the same

7. The Cotton Gin • In 1794, Eli Whitney built a machine that could pull the seeds out of cotton as fast as 40 men.

8. Effects of the Cotton Gin • Because of rising profits, many began to rely on cotton as their only crop. • Profit from cotton skyrocketed, rising 6,000%. • Because so many grew cotton, more land was needed to grow it – Alabama, Mississippi, Texas. • To keep up with demand, more slaves were needed – the slave population doubled by 1820.

9. Transportation - Roads Then – “Corduroy roads” Now – Cumberland Road - 1811-1833

10. Transportation - Water Steam engine Canal

11. The Railroad

12. Communication • The cost of postage fell, and postal organization improved. • Improvements in education led to increased literacy. • More than 500 newspapers and magazines were being published daily by 1820.

13. Free-Enterprise System • The free enterprise system, also known as capitalism: an economic system in which private companies compete for profits. • This system rewards people who can find better, faster, and more efficient ways of running their businesses. • This system allowed for America's economy to expand at an ever-increasing rate.

14. An Expanding Economy • The Market Revolution: A change in the way Americans made, bought, and sold goods, borrowed and circulated money, and created wealth.

15. Rise of Manufacturing • With the rise of machinery came manufacturing: the use of machinery to make products. • A growing number of Americans were working outside the home. • The center of American manufacturing became New England, because of abundant water power.

16. Rise of Shopping • Factories produced goods at an astounding rate at ever lower prices. • The self-sufficient household of Jefferson's dreams began to disappear. • In its place arose a system where people worked for money and used it to buy everything.