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BIODIVERSITY : AN INTRODUCTION

BIODIVERSITY : AN INTRODUCTION. Source: orgs.unca.edu/tulula/images/biodiversity.jpg. Lost My Child Today

brenna-morris
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BIODIVERSITY : AN INTRODUCTION

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  1. BIODIVERSITY : AN INTRODUCTION Source: orgs.unca.edu/tulula/images/biodiversity.jpg

  2. Lost My Child Today I lost my child today. People came to weep and cry, as I just sat and stared, dry eyed. They struggled to find words to say to try and make the pain go away. I lost my child today……………….

  3. and at the base Was Loss of biodiversity And at the base Source: www.mccullagh.org

  4. Five mass extinctions • End Ordovician (~445 Ma) • Late Devonian (~365 Ma) • End Permian (~250 Ma) • End Triassic (~210 Ma) • End Cretaceous (65 Ma)

  5. And we are moving towards the SIXTH……………..

  6. Why farmers commit Suicide www.thehindubusinessline.com

  7. What is BIODIVERSITY ? • Refers to the numbers, variety and variability of living organisms and ecosystem. • Includes all terrestrial, marine and other aquatic organisms. • Covers diversity within species, between species as well as variations among ecosystems.

  8. Factors determining Degree of Diversity • Habitat stress • Geographical isolation • Dominance by one species • Availability of ecological niches • Edge effect • Geological history

  9. Types of Biodiversity • Genetic diversity - Diversity of genes within a species. i.e. genetic variability among the populations and the individuals of the same species. • Species diversity- Diversity among species in an ecosystem. “Biodiversity hotspots” are excellent examples of species diversity. • Ecosystem diversity- Diversity at a higher level of organization, the ecosystem. To do with the variety of ecosystems on Earth.

  10. Importance of Biodiversity. • Biodiversity has contributed in many ways to the development of human culture, and, in turn, human communities have played a major role in shaping the diversity of nature at the genetic, species, and ecological levels.

  11. Important Role of Biodiversity • Ecological Role….. • Economic Role….. • Scientific Role…..

  12. Ecological Role of Biodiversity • All species provide at least one function in an ecosystem. Each function is an integral part of regulating the species balance, species diversity and species health: all aspects which are intrinsic for the ecosystem as a whole to survive and prosper

  13. Economic Role of Biodiversity . • Food: Crop Biodiversity or agrobiodiversity. • Goods: Various things like timber,paper,medicines. • Recreation: Wildlife tourism, trekking nature photography,birdwatching.

  14. Scientific Role of Biodiversity • Genetic resources:Biotechnology and genetic enginnering use the genes of organisms to make new crops and medicines. • Each species can give scientist some clue as to how life evolved and will continue to evolve.

  15. Causes of Biodiversity losses At least 40 per cent of the world’s economy and 80 per cent of the needs of the poor are derived from biological resources. In addition, the richer the diversity of life, the greater the opportunity for medical discoveries, economic development, and adaptive responses to such new challenges as climate change. — The Convention about Life on Earth, Convention on biodiversity website. • Habitat loss and degradation. • Habitat fragmentation.

  16. Habitat and Degradation • Destruction of biodiversity rich areas like tropical forests. • Destruction of coral reefs and Wetlands. • Ploughing of grasslands. • Aquatic ecosystem is threatened. • Pollution of freshwater streams, lakes, and marine habitats.

  17. Threats to Reefs 10% of the coral reefs around the world are already dead. Coral bleaching is another manifestation of the problem and is showing up in reefs across the planet. source:www.oceansalive.org

  18. Threatened Tropical Forests A world imperiled- forces behind the forest losses source:www.mongabay.com

  19. Habitat fragmentation Emergence of discontinuities in organism’s preferred environment. Fragmentation and destruction of Great Ape habitat in Central Africa.

  20. The Root Causes of Biodiversity Loss • This book provides detailed studies on the evolving consensus on biodiversity loss • A framework for analyzing the root causes of biodiversity loss • The underlying causes of biodiversity loss • Addressing the root causes of biodiversity loss….

  21. Other causes of decline • Pollution of wetlands. • Over-exploitation of resources. • Construction of large dams. • Commercial hunting and poaching.

  22. Himalayas - This  majestic range of mountains is the home of a diverse range of  flora and fauna. Eastern Himalayas is one of the two biodiversity hotspots in India. BIODIVERSITY IN INDIA Chilika - This wetland area is protected under the Ramsar convention. Sunder bans - The largest mangrove forest in India. Western Ghats - One of the two biodiversity hotspots in India. Thar desert - The climate and vegetation in this area is a contrast to the Himalayan region. Source: earthtrends.wri.org

  23. 244/18664 88/390 72/458 25/521 03/231 09/5749 Source: www.earthtrends.wri.org/2002-03

  24. Comparative statement of recorded number of animal species in India and the World Source: MoEF 2002.

  25. IS THE BIODIVERSITY OF INDIA UNDER THREAT? • 10% of India’s plant species are under threat. • More than 150 medicinal plants have disappeared in recent decades. • About 10% of flowering plants,20% of mammals and 5% of the birds are threatened. • From 30000 to 12 ???

  26. Impact of loss of Biodiversity • Increased vulnerability of species extinction • Ecological imbalance • Reduced sources of food, structural materials, medicinal and genetic resources • Cost increase to the society

  27. References… • MoEF. 2000, Annual Report 2000-2001New Delhi: Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India • Myers, N., R A Mittermeier, Mittermeier, C. G., da Fonseca, G A B, Kents, J. 2000. Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities, Nature403: 853-858 • Rajagopalan R,Environmental Studies: From Crisis To Cure, page no.23-46 and 67-82 • www.globalissues.org/EnvIssues/Biodiversity • www.edugreen.teri.res.in/EXPLORE/life

  28. THANK YOU • AJAI KUMAR TIWARI- 06 • AMIT GARG- 08 • BAIJANTI MALLICK- 10 • NIKASH ANAND- 22

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