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Spatial and Geospatial Thinking in System Design

This article delves into the critical role of spatial and geospatial thinking in system design, highlighting that conventional software development methods often overlook the complexities of spatial contexts. It defines three types of spaces: physical, life, and intellectual, each representing different cognitive approaches to space. Additionally, it addresses geospatial thinking as it pertains to Earth-related information, emphasizing the importance of recognizing biases and employing effective design methods to navigate these challenges in system development.

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Spatial and Geospatial Thinking in System Design

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  1. Spatial and Geospatial Thinking in System Design

  2. What’s this all about? • Methods used for the development of non-spatial systems are often insufficient for designing spatial (and geospatial) systems because “normal” software development methods fail in the treatment space in the design process. • But, what the heck is space?

  3. Spatial Thinking • The spatial context is critical because it ultimately determines a user’s perspective and need. • It’s never simple; there are actually three spaces contexts: • Physical space • Life space • Intellectual space

  4. Spatial Thinking (Cont) • Physical space is also built on the four-dimensional world of space-time, but focuses on a scientific understanding of the nature, structure and function of phenomena. • This is cognition about space and involves thinking about the ways in which the "world" works. • An example might be how an earthquake creates a tsunami. • Lots of GISs work in this space.

  5. Spatial Thinking (Cont) • Life space is the four-dimensional space-time where spatial thinking is a means of coming to grips with the spatial relations between self and objects in the physical environment. • This is cognition in space and involves thinking about the world in which we live. • It is exemplified by navigation and the actions that we perform in space. • A number of GISs work in this space.

  6. Spatial Thinking (Cont) • Intellectual space is in relationship to concepts and objects that are not in and of themselves necessarily spatial, but the nature of the space is defined by the particular problem. • This is cognition with space and involves thinking with or through the medium of space in the abstract. • An example might be the territorial dispute between two ethnic groups. • Few GISs work in this space.

  7. Geospatial thinking • Geospatial thinking is simply spatial thinking related to the earth.

  8. What information gets stored? • Attributes - A property inherent in an entity. • e.g., John runs a 6 minute mile. • Activities - A unit of work performed by an actor. • e.g., John runs between Old Main and Beaver Stadium.

  9. Easy! So, what’s the problem?

  10. What did you see in the figure? D

  11. Are the drawings all of men? D

  12. Old woman or a young woman? D

  13. What do you see?

  14. Why? • People perceive what they expect to perceive • New information is assimilated into existing mental models • Conflicting information is often dismissed or ignored

  15. The bottom-line • Since all people observe the same information with inherent and different biases • We need a safeguard – a design method that: • State assumptions • Show chains of inferences • Consider alternative points of view • Documents D

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