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Soil Carbon Storage and Historical Agriculture Analysis in Greenbelt Park, Maryland

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brennan-stephenson
26 diapositives · 389 Views · Nov 14, 2014

This study investigates soil carbon storage in Greenbelt Park, Maryland, highlighting the impact of land use changes over centuries. Prior to the 1700s, forests thrived in the area, which later transformed into agricultural lands. Soil samples collected at various depths revealed approximately 5,500 tonnes of carbon storage, aided by understanding the 13C/12C ratio to assess past agricultural activities. Although the findings are significant, limited sample size suggests further research is necessary for a comprehensive understanding of carbon dynamics in the park's soil.

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  1. Soil Carbon in Greenbelt Park Jay S. Gregg May 10, 2006

  2. Background • The largest terrestrial carbon pool is in the soil, 1.5 to 2.5 times that of vegetation (Wang et al., 2002) • This is one of the areas with the most uncertainty within the global carbon cycle (Wang et al., 2004). • Land use and land cover change affects soil carbon storage (DeFries et al., 1999).

  3. History • prior to 1700s: forests of oak, walnut, poplar, and elm • mid 1700s: first settlers, deforestation began • 1742: Bladensburg founded, navigable waterways • 1750s-1850s: land cleared, converted to tobacco agriculture • 1850s-1900s: soil degradation lead to more corn and vegetable crops • 1900s: farms abandoned • 1910s: dense thicket • 1920s: trees dominate • 1935-1938: Greenbelt, MD built under New Deal, area scheduled to be converted to housing • 1947: Land acquired by state for B-W Parkway • 1950: National Park Designation

  4. 10 years after abandonment

  5. 20 years after abandonment

  6. Questions • What is the approximate soil carbon storage of Greenbelt Park? • Is there evidence of past agricultural activities in the 13C/12C record?

  7. Sample Location

  8. Sample Location

  9. Sample Location

  10. Methodology • 80 ml of wet soil collected at surface, 10cm, 30cm, 50cm, 70cm, 90cm depths • Samples weighed, dried, reweighed • Samples ground, and analyzed for carbon content

  11. Part I. Soil Characteristics • Percent Water • Bulk Density • Porosity

  12. Part II. Carbon Content • Standard method: Cd= H x B x O Cd = Carbon Density H = Thickness of soil layer B = Bulk Density O = Organic Carbon Content (Wang et al., 2004)

  13. Part II. Carbon Content Dry Massi (kg) x Carboni (%) = Mass Ci (kg) } dz = 1 mm Mass carbon (kg per m2 of land, 1 m deep) etc. y = 1 m x = 1 m z = 1 m

  14. Total Soil Carbon Storage • Carbon per m2 of land, 1 m deep: 1.15 kg • Area of Greenbelt Park 4.76 x 106 m2 • Mass of Soil Carbon ~5500 tonnes ~about 25% of a day’s driving in Maryland

  15. Part III. Evidence of Past Agriculture • Soil Density (30 cm > 50 cm < 70 cm) • Soil Porosity (30 cm < 50 cm > 70 cm) • Soil Carbon Content (30 cm < 50 cm > 70 cm)

  16. Part III. Evidence of Past Agriculture • 13C/12C ratio? • Because it’s lighter, 12C is reacts more readily than 13C in biological processes. • Organic matter becomes 12C enriched relative to the inorganic carbon pool from which it has been taken. • Soils high in organic matter should have a lower 13C/12C ratio.

  17. Part III. Evidence of Past Agriculture • Determining the ratio: • Raw data in given as per mil difference from PDB (Pee Dee Belemnite) 13C/12C PDB ratio = 0.011237 Sample 13C/12C =(0.001 x d13Cref + 1) x 0.011237

  18. Conclusions • A profile sample allows an approximation of soil carbon storage for the park • The data is consistent with past agricultural practices • HOWEVER, Because of cost, the sample size is small. More profiles should be taken and analyzed to better understand spatial variations and to minimize uncertainties

  19. References DeFries, R. S., Field, C. B., Fung, I., Collatz, G. J., & Bounoua, L. (1999). Combining satellite data and biogeochemical models to estimate global effects of human-induced land cover change on carbon emissions and primary productivity. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 13(3), 803-815. Wang, S., Huang, M., Shao, X., Mickler, R. A., Li, K., & Ji, J. (2004). Vertical Distribution of Soil Organic Carbon in China. Environmental Management, 33(Supplement 1), S200-S209. Wang, S., Tian, H., Liu, J., & Pan, S. (2003). Pattern and change of soil organic carbon storage in China: 1960s-1980s. Tellus, 55B, 416-427. Wang, S., Xu, J., Zhou, C., & He, C. (2002). Using remote sensing to estimate the change of carbon storage: a case study in the estuary of the Yellow River delta. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 23(8), 1565-1580.

  20. Acknowledgements • Dr. Alan Jay Kaufman • Chrissy France • Nick Collins